2. _With the ending en._ _France._ AXONA ant. (Cæsar.) Now the AISNE. _Asia._ ASCANIA ant. Two lakes, one in Phrygia, and the other in Bithynia. 3. _With the ending el._ _England._ UXELLA ant., (Richard of Cirencester), supposed to be the Parret. The ESKLE, Hereford. _Germany._ ISCALA, 8th cent. The ISCHL. _Russia._ The OSKOL. Joins the Donetz. 4. _With the ending er._ _France._ OSCARA ant., now the OUSCHE. _Belgium._ HISSCAR, 9th cent., seems not to be identified. I am inclined to bring in here the root _is_, respecting which Förstemann observes that it is "a word found in river-names over a great part of Europe, but the etymology of which is as yet entirely unknown." I connect it with the above group, referring also to the Old Norse _is_ motus, _isia_, proruere, as perhaps allied. I feel an uncertainty about bringing the name OUSE either in this group or the last, for two at least of the rivers so called are so very tortuous in their course as to make us think of the Welsh _osgo_, obliquity. 1. _Germany._ The ISE and the EIS(ACH). _Syria._ ISSUS ant., now the Baias--here? 2. _With the ending en._ _Germany._ ISANA, 8th cent. The ISEN. 3. _With the ending er._ _France._ ISARA, 1st cent. B.C. The ISÈRE and the OISE.[6] _Germany._ ISARA ant. The ISAR. 4. _With the ending el._ _Scotland._ The ISLA. Two rivers. _France._ The ISOLÉ. _Holland._ ISELA, 8th cent., now the YSSEL. _Spain._ The ESLA. 5. _With the ending es._ _England._ The ISIS, vulg. Ouse. 6. _With the ending et._ _Siberia._ The ISSET. Joins the Tobol. 7. _In a compound form._ The ISTER, or Danube, perhaps = IS-STER, from a word _ster_, a river, hereafter noticed. ISMENUS ant., in Bœotia. The ending seems to be from a Celt. word _man_ or _mon_, probably signifying water or river, and found in several other names, as the Idumania of Ptolemy, now the Blackwater, the Alcmona of Germany, now the Altmühl, the Haliacmon of Macedonia, now the Vistritza, &c. HESUDROS, the ancient name of the Sutledge (Sansc. _udra_, water), may also come in. From the Sansc. _ud_, water--in comp. _udra_, as in _samudra,_ the sea, _i.e._, collection of waters, (see also Hesudros above)--come Sansc. _udon_, Gr. ὕδωρ, Slav. _woda_, Goth. _wato_, Germ. _wasser_, Eng. _water_, Lith. _audra_, fluctus, &c. 1. _Italy._ ADUA ant., now the ADDA. _Bohemia._ The WAT(AWA). 2. _With the ending en = Sansc. udon, water?_ _France._ The ODON. _Germany._ ADEN(OUA), 10th cent., now the ADEN(AU).