Another Celtic word for water is _dur_, which, however, seems more common in the names of towns (situated upon waters) than in the names of rivers. Is this word formed by syncope from the last, as _duber_ = _dur_? Or is it directly from the root of the Sansc. _drâ_ or _dur_, to move? 1. _England._ The DURRA. Cornwall. _Germany._ Δοῦρας, Strabo, now the Iller or the Isar. _Switz._ DURA, 9th cent. The THUR.[14] _Italy._ DURIA ant., now the DORA. TURRUS ant., now the TORRE. _Spain._ DURIUS ant., now the DOURO. _Russia._ The TURA. Siberia. The TURIJA. Russ. Poland. 2. _With the ending en._ _France._ DURANIUS ant., now the DORDOGNE. In this chapter is to be included the root _ar_, respecting which I quote the following remarks of Förstemann. "The meaning of river, water, must have belonged to this wide-spread root, though I never find it applied as an appellative, apart from the obsolete Dutch word _aar_, which Pott produces. I also nowhere find even an attempt to explain the following river-names from any root, and know so little as scarcely to make a passing suggestion; even the Sanscrit itself shows me no likely word approaching it, unless perhaps we think of _ara_, swift (_Petersburger Wörterbuch_)." The root, I apprehend, like that of most other river-names, is to be found in a verb signifying to move, to go--the Sansc. _ar_, _ir_ or _ur_, Lat. _ire_, _errare_, &c. And we are not without an additional trace of the sense we want, as the Basque has _ur_, water, _errio_, a river, and the Hung. has _er_, a brook. The sense of swiftness, as found in Sansc. _ara_, may perhaps intermix in the following names. But there is also a word of precisely opposite meaning, the Gael. _ar_, slow, whence Armstrong, with considerable reason, derives the name of the Arar (or Saone), a river noted above all others for the slowness of its course. Respecting this word as a termination see page 11. 1. _England._ The ARROW, Radnor. The ARROW, Worcester. The ORE. Joins the Alde. _Ireland._ ARROW, lake and river, Sligo. _France._ The AURAY. Dep. Morbihan. _Germany._ ARA, 8th cent. The AHR, near Bonn, the OHRE, which joins the Elbe, and the OHRE in Thuringia, had all the same ancient name of Ara. UR(AHA), 10th cent., now the AUR(ACH). _Switzerland._ ARA, ant. The AAR. _Italy._ The ERA. Joins the Arno. _Spain._ URIUS ant., now the Rio Tinte. _Russia._ OARUS (Herodotus), perhaps the Volga.