3. _With the ending er._ _Ireland._ The DODDER. 4. _Compounded with mal._[36] _Germany._ DUTHMALA, 8th cent., now the DOMMEL. From the Welsh _wyl_, Ang.-Sax. _wyllan_, Eng. _well_, to flow or gush, (Sansc. _vail_, to move?), we got the following. 1. _England._ The WILLY. Wiltshire. _Denmark._ The VEILE, in Jutland. _Norway._ The VILLA. _Russia._ The VEL. Joins the Vaga. The VILIA. Joins the Niemen. The VILIU, (Siberia). Joins the Lena. 2. _With the ending en._ _England._ The WELLAND, (properly Wellan?) _Russia._ The VILNA. Gov. Minsk. _Italy._ The VELINO. Joins the Nera. 3. _With the ending er._ _India._ The VELLAUR, Madras--here? 4. _With the ending s._ _Germany._ The VILS, two rivers in Bavaria. The WELSE. Joins the Oder. _Spain._ The VELEZ. Prov. Malaga. A word which appears to have the meaning of water or river, but respecting the etymology of which I am quite ignorant, is _asop_ or _asp_. That it has the above meaning I infer only from finding it as the second part of the word in the ancient river-names Cho(aspes), Hyd(aspes), and Zari(aspis). In an independent form it occurs in the following. Lhuyd, (in the appendix to Baxter's glossary), referring to Hespin as the name of sundry small streams in Wales, derives it from _hespin_, a sheep that yields no milk, because these streams are almost dry in summer. This derivation is unquestionably false so far as this, that the two words are merely derived from the same origin, viz., Welsh _hesp_ or _hysp_, dry, barren. But whether this word has anything to do with the following names is doubtful; it seems at any rate unsuitable for the large rivers, such as the Hydaspes, (the Jhylum of the Punjaub). From the derivation of Mone, who finds in Isper, as in Wipper, p. 64, a word _per_, mountain, I entirely dissent. 1. _France._ The ASPE. Basses--Pyrenees. _Germany._ HESAPA ant., now the HESPER. _Greece._ ASOPUS ant. Two rivers. 2. _With the ending er._ _Germany._ ISPERA, 10th cent. The ISPER. FOOTNOTES: [1] Ilchester (=Ivel-chester) situated on this river, is called in Ptolemy Ischalis, from which we may presume that the river was called the Ischal, a word which would be a synonyme of Ivel. [2] It seems rather probable that the ending _es_ in these names is not a mere suffix. The APSARUS, ancient name of the Tchoruk in Armenia, and the IPSALA in Europ. Turkey, by superadding the endings _er_ and _el_, go to show this. We might perhaps presume a Sansc. word _abhas_, or _aphas_, with the meaning of river.