[3] This ending is not explained. Zeuss, comparing the endings _er_ and _st_, suggests a comparative and superlative, which is not probable. In the present, as in some other cases, I take it to be only a phonetic form of _ss_, and make Ambastus properly Ambassus. But in some other cases, as that of the Nestus, which compares with Sansc. _nisitas_, fluid, it seems to be formative. [4] This looks like a mistake for Acasse. [5] So that there _is_ a river in Monmouth, and another in Macedon. [6] "Hysa nunc fluvii nomen est, qui antiquitus Hysara dicebatur." (_Folcuin. Gest. Abb. Lobiens._) This seems not improbably to refer to the Oise. [7] If, as Pott suggests, the Vedra of Ptolemy = Eng. _water_, the Wetter would naturally come in here also. But some German writers, as Roth and Weigand, connect it with Germ. _wetter_, Eng. _weather_, in the sense, according to the first-named, of the river which is affected by rain. [8] This ending may either be formed by the addition of a phonetic _n_ to the ending _er_; or it may be from a word _ren_, channel, river, hereafter noticed. [9] The Scotch ETTRICK and the Germ. EITRACH I take to be synonymous, though the ending in one case is German, and in the other probably Gaelic. (_See p. 25_) [10] Hence perhaps Anitabha (_abha_, water), the Sansc. name of a river, not identified, in India. [11] Tacitus gives this name to the Avon--in mistake, as the Editor of Smith's Ancient Geography suggests. But _anton_ and _avon_ seem to have been synonymous words for a river. [12] Hence the name of Dover, anc. Dubris, according to Richard of Cirencester, from the small stream which there falls into the sea. [13] Where is this river, cited by Zeuss, (_Gramm. Celt._)? [14] Hence probably the name of Zurich, ant. Turicum. [15] Perhaps formed from _ez_ by a phonetic _n_. [16] I do not in this case make any account of the spelling; the name is just the same as our Lee, and the idea of _lys_, a lily, is no doubt only suggested by the similarity of sound. [17] Manual of Comparative Philology. [18] Niebuhr derives this name from a Sabine word signifying sulphur, which is largely contained in its waters. Mr. Charnock suggests the Phœn. _naharo_, a river. [19] Niemen may perhaps = Nieven--_m_ for _v_, as in Amon for Avon, p. 26. [20] Perhaps to be found in Sansc. _nistas_, wet, fluid. Here we get something of a clue to Eng. "nasty," the original meaning of which has no doubt been nothing but water "in the wrong place." [21] "One of the sacred rivers of India, a river mentioned in the Veda, and famous in the epic poems as the river of Ayodhyâ, one of the earliest capitals of India, the modern Oude."--_Max Müller, Science of Language._ [22] I place this here on the authority of Max Müller, who, pointing out that the initial _h_ in Persian corresponds with a Sanscrit _s_, thinks that the river Sarayu may have given the name to the river Arius or Heri, and to the country of Herat.