[23] This name seems formed at thrice--first Sarit--then ov, (perhaps _av_ river)--lastly, the Slavish affix _ka_. [24] See note p. 29. [25] In the more special sense of lake, which, it will be observed, is frequent in this group, is the Suio-Lapp. _pluewe_. [26] The word _asp_ comes before us in some other river-names, but respecting its etymology I am quite in the dark. From the way in which it occurs in the above, in the Zari(aspis), and in the Hyd(aspes), it seems rather likely to have the meaning of water or river. [27] Also ALLISON and ELLISON, which may be either patronymic forms in _son_; or formed with the ending in _en_, like the above river-names. For the names of rivers, and the ancient names of men, in many points run parallel to each other. [28] Following strictly the above Celt. word _uaran_, this might be "Fresh-water Bay." [29] The Araxes of Herodotus, observes the Editor of Smith's Ancient Geography, "cannot be identified with any single river: the name was probably an appellative for a river, and was applied, like our Avon, to several streams, which Herodotus supposed to be identical." Araxes I take to be a Græcism, and the Mod. name Aras to show the proper form. [30] Containing the Latin _amnis_, river, or only a euphonic form of Clitunnus? See Garumna, p. 13. [31] I think that in this, as probably in some other cases, _st_ is only a phonetic form of _ss_, and that the Mod. name _Aiss_ points truly to the ancient form as _Agass_, see note, p. 29. [32] I should without hesitation have taken the PINKA, as well as the Russian PINEGA, to be from this root, with the Slavonic affix _ga_ or _ka_. But the English river PENK in Staffordshire introduces an element of doubt. It may, however, also be from this root, with the ending _ick_ common in the rivers of Scotland. See p. 25. [33] This river seems also to have been called anciently CHOCHARA. [34] Here also, as in the case of the German Chuchilibach, and the Cocbrôc before noted, the ending beck (= brook), seems to have been added to the original name. Chuchilibach appears as the name of a place, but I apprehend that the word implies a stream of the same name. [35] I think that these quantities, so far as they are derived from the Latin poets, should be accepted with some reserve. Unless more self-denying than most of their craft, I fear that they would hardly let a Gallic river stand in the way of a lively dactyl. [36] I do not know any other instance of this ending in river-names, but I take it to be, like _man_ or _main_, an extension of _may_, and to signify water or river. CHAPTER V. THAT WHICH RUNS RAPIDLY, FLOWS GENTLY, OR SPREADS WIDELY.