To the above root I also place the following, corresponding more distinctly with Old High German _schuzzen_, Ang.-Sax. _sceotan_, Eng. _shoot_, Obs. Gael. and Ir. _sciot_, dart, arrow.[43] 1. _With the ending en._ _Germany._ SCUZNA, 8th cent., now the SCHUSSEN. SCUZEN ant., now the SCHOZACH. 2. _With the ending er._ _Germany._ SCUTARA, 10th cent., now the SCHUTTER, two rivers. SCUNTRA, 8th cent., now the SCHONDRA and the SCHUNTER. From the Germ. _jagen_, to hunt, to drive or ride fast, Bender derives the name of the Jaxt, in the sense of swiftness, suggesting also a comparison with the ancient Jaxartes of Asia. Förstemann considers both suggestions doubtful, but the former seems to me to be reasonable enough. The older sense of _jagen_ is found in the Sansc. _yug_, to dart forth, formed on the simple verb _ya_, to go. And appellatives are found in the Finnic words _jokk_, _jöggi_, a river. As for the Jaxartes, I am rather inclined to think that the more correct form would be Jazartes, and that it contains the word _jezer_, before referred to. 1. _Russia._ The JUG. Joins the Dwina. 2. _With the ending et._ _Italy._ JACTUS ant. Affluent of the Po. _Persia._ The JAGHATU. _Germany._ The JAHDE,[44] in Oldenburg. 3. _With the ending st._ _Germany._ JAGISTA ant., now the _Jaxt_ or _Jagst_. From the root _vip_, to move, p. 64, by the prefix _s_, is formed Old Norse _svipa_, Ang.-Sax. _swîfan_, Eng. _sweep_, &c. In these the sense varies between going fast and going round, and the same may be the case in the following names. _France._ The SUIPPE. Joins the Aisne. _Germany._ SUEVUS, 2nd cent., now the Warnow, or, according to Zeuss, the Oder. SUAB(AHA), 8th cent., now the SCHWAB(ACH). From the Obs. Gael. _sgiap_, _sgiob_, to move rapidly, Eng. _skip_, may be the following. 1. _England._ The SHEAF, by Sheffield. _Germany._ SCIFFA, 9th cent., now the SCHUPF. _Asia Min._ SCOPAS ant., now the Aladan. 2. _With the ending en._ _England._ The SKIPPON. Joins the Wyre. In the Gael. _brais_, impetuous, related perhaps to Lat. _verso_, we may find the root of the following. 1. _Germany._ The BIRSE. Prussia. _Switzerland._ The BIRSE. Cant. Berne. 2. _With the ending en._ _Ireland._ The BROSNA. Leinster. _Transylvania._ The BURZEN. Joins the Aluta. _Pruss. Pol._ The PROSNA. 3. _With the ending el._ _France._ The BRESLE. Enters the English Channel. 4. _With the ending ent._ _Germany._ The PERSANTE. Pruss. Pom. From the Sansc. _rab_ or _rav_, to dart forth, whence (in a somewhat changed sense) Eng. _rave_, French _ravir_, Lat. _rabidus_, &c. The original meaning of a ravine was a great flood, or as Cotgrave expresses it--"A ravine or inundation of water, which overwhelmeth all things that come in its way."