1. _Ireland._ The ROBE. Connaught. _India._ The RAVEE or Iraotee--here? 2. _With the ending en._ _England._ Various small streams called RAVEN, RAVENBECK, &c. _France._ The ROUBION, affluent of the Rhone--here? From the Sansc. _math_, to move, are derived, as I take it, Old High German _muot_, Mod. Germ. _muth_, Ang.-Sax. _môd_, courage or spirit, Welsh _mwyth_, swift, &c., to which I place the following. 1. _Switzerland._ The MUOTTA. Cant. Schwytz. 2. _Compounded with vey, stream or river._ _Wales._ The MUTHVEY. Three rivers. The Sansc. _sphar_, _sphurj_, to burst forth, shews the root of a number of words such as _spark_, _spring_, _spirt_, _spruce_, _spry_, in which the sense of briskness or liveliness is more or less contained. But the Sansc. _sphar_ or _spar_ must be traced back to a simpler form _spa_ or _spe_, as found in _spew_, to vomit, and in the word _spa_, now confined to medicinal springs. 1. _Scotland._ The SPEY. Elgin. 2. _With the ending en._ _Scotland._ The SPEAN. 3. _With the ending er._ _Scotland._ The SPEAR. _Germany._ SPIRA, 8th cent., now the SPEIER. The SPREE. Joins the Havel. Derived forms from the above root are also the following, which correspond more closely with Germ. _sprütsen_, Ang.-Sax. _sprytan_, Eng. _spirt_, Ital. _sprizzare_. And I think that most of these names are probably German. _England._ The SPRINT, a small stream in Westmoreland. _Germany._ SPRAZAH, 9th cent., some stream in Lower Austria. The SPROTTA in Silesia. SPRENZALA, 8th cent., now the SPRENZEL. SPURCHINE(BACH),[45] 9th cent., now the SPIRCKEL(BACH). _Eu. Turkey._ The SPRESSA. Joins the Bosna. In the preceding chapter I have treated of the root _al_, _el_, _il_, to go, and various of its derivations. There is another, _alac_, _alc_, _ilc_, which, as it seems most probably either to have the meaning of swiftness, as in the Lat. _alacer_, or of tortuousness, as in the Greek ἑλικος, I include in this place. 1. _Russia._ The ILEK. Joins the Ural. _Sicily._ HALYCUS ant., now the Platani. _Asia Minor._ ALCES ant. Bithynia. 2. _Compounded with may, main, river._ _Siberia._ The OLEKMA. Joins the Lena. _Germany._ ALKMANA, 8th century, now the Altmühl. _Greece._ HALIACMON ant., now the Vistritsa. From the Welsh _tarddu_, to burst forth, we may take the following. There does not seem any connection between this and the root of _dart_ (jaculum); the latter from the first signifies penetration, and in river-names comes before us in the oblique sense of clearness or transparency. 1. _Scotland._ The TARTH. Lanarkshire. _Libya._ DARĂDUS ant., now the Rio di Ouro. _Armenia._ DARADAX[46] ant. (Xenophon).