The Road Past Kennesaw: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864McMurry, Richard M.
History
The Road Past Kennesaw: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864
McMurry, Richard M.
Atlanta Campaign, 1864; United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
During the night of July 9-10, Johnston retreated across the river and
took up a position on the southern bank of Peachtree Creek only a few
miles from Atlanta. The Confederate commander seems to have been
optimistic at this time. Once again he believed that he had reached a
position from which he could not be driven and he expected to fight the
decisive battle of the campaign along Peachtree Creek.
Sherman, meanwhile, had decided upon his next step. He would swing north
and east of Atlanta to cut Johnston off from Augusta and possible
reinforcements from Virginia. McPherson was to strike eastward from
Roswell to the Georgia Railroad at some point near Stone Mountain. As
this force advanced, the rest of the Federals would move closer to the
river. The line would thus become a great swinging movement, with
McPherson on the far left, Schofield in the center as the pivot, and
Thomas on the right along Peachtree Creek. This movement began on the
17th. The next day, McPherson reached the Georgia Railroad near Stone
Mountain.
JOHNSTON REMOVED FROM COMMAND
The Confederate government had been displeased by Johnston’s conduct of
the campaign. President Jefferson Davis and other civilian officials had
hoped that the Confederates would be able to regain Tennessee or at
least to draw Sherman into a situation in which a severe defeat would be
inflicted upon him. Instead, after 10 weeks of campaigning, Johnston was
backed up against Atlanta and there was no assurance that he would even
try to hold that important center. These circumstances led Davis to
remove Johnston from command of the army and to replace him with John B.
Hood, who was promoted to the temporary rank of full general.
Davis’ replacement of Johnston with Hood is one of the most
controversial acts of the war. Relations between the President and
Johnston had not been friendly since a dispute over the general’s rank
in 1861. Disagreements over strategy and tactics as well as the
personalities of the two men exacerbated matters in 1862 and 1863.
During Johnston’s tenure as commander of the Army of Tennessee, the
situation became worse as communications between the two broke down
almost completely. Davis promoted officers in the army without
consulting Johnston, who maneuvered in the field without informing the
government of his plans and operations in any meaningful detail.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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