The Road Past Kennesaw: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864McMurry, Richard M.
History
The Road Past Kennesaw: The Atlanta Campaign of 1864
McMurry, Richard M.
Atlanta Campaign, 1864; United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns
Davis saw that Johnston had yielded much valuable territory to the
enemy. Important officials in the government began to urge that the
general be removed from command. On July 9, Davis sent his military
adviser, Gen. Braxton Bragg, to report on the situation in Georgia.
Bragg visited Johnston, learned nothing of the general’s plans, and
reported that it appeared the city would be abandoned. Other evidence
brought to the President’s attention—such as Johnston’s suggestion that
prisoners held in south Georgia be sent to safer points—seemed to
confirm Bragg’s assessment that Atlanta would not be defended. On July
16, Davis telegraphed Johnston: “I wish to hear from you as to present
situation and your plan of operations so specifically as will enable me
to anticipate events.” The general’s reply of the same date read in
part:
As the enemy has double our numbers, we must be on the defensive. My
plan of operations must, therefore, depend upon that of the enemy.
It is mainly to watch for an opportunity to fight to advantage. We are
trying to put Atlanta in condition to be held for a day or two by the
Georgia militia, that army movements may be freer and wider.
This vague reply did not satisfy Davis and on July 17 he issued the
order that removed Johnston from command. In great haste, Johnston wrote
out an order relinquishing his position and thanking the soldiers for
their courage and devotion. By the afternoon of the 18th he had left
Atlanta and the Army of Tennessee in the none-too-steady hands of John
Bell Hood.
Much debate has swirled around Davis’ decision. Johnston and his
partisans have argued that the general’s removal made inevitable the
loss of Atlanta, the reelection of Lincoln, and the defeat of the
Confederacy. They contend that had Johnston remained in command, the
city would have been held, or that if it were surrendered, the army at
least would not have been weakened and would have continued as an
effective unit.
Hood and Davis maintained that Johnston’s long retreat had demoralized
the army, that Johnston would not have held Atlanta, and that the
Confederacy’s only chance for success lay in replacing Johnston with a
bold commander who could strike Sherman a blow that would send the
Northerners reeling back to Chattanooga.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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