Whether there was any sacrificial rite in immediate connexion with these
revels we do not know. Macrobius indeed tells us[130] that sacrifice was
offered in the month of March to Anna Perenna ‘ut annare perannareque
commode liceat’[131]; and Lydus, that on the Ides there were εὐχαὶ
δημόσιαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὑγιεινὸν γενέσθαι τὸν ἐνιαυτόν; but we do not know
what was the relation between these and the scene described by Ovid.
Who was the Anna Perenna in whose honour these revels, sacrifices, and
prayers took place, whatever their relation to each other? Ovid and
Silius Italicus[132] tell legends about her which are hardly genuine
Italian, and in which Anna Perenna is confused with the other Anna whom
they knew, the sister of Dido. Hidden under such stories may sometimes
be found traces of a belief or a cult of which we have no other
knowledge; but in this poetical medley there seems to be only one
feature that calls on us to pause. After her wanderings Anna disappears
in the waters of the river Numicius:
Corniger hanc cupidis rapuisse Numicius undis
Creditur, et stagnis occuluisse suis.
Her companions traced her footsteps to the bank: she seemed to tell them
Placidi sum nympha Numici,
Amne perenne latens Anna Perenna vocor.
This tale led Klausen[133] into some very strange fancies about the
goddess, whom he regarded as a water-nymph, thinking that all her other
characteristics (e.g. the year) might be explained symbolically; the
running water representing the flow of time, &c. But it is probable that
she only came into connexion with the river Numicius because Aeneas was
there already. If Aeneas, as Jupiter Indiges, was buried on its
banks[134], what could be more natural than that another figure of the
Dido legend should be brought there too? There does not indeed seem to
be any reason for connecting the real Anna Perenna with water[135]. All
genuine Roman tradition seems to represent her, as we shall see
directly, as an old woman; and when she appears in another shape, she
must have become mixed up with other ideas and stories. It may perhaps
be just possible that on this day some kind of an image of her may have
been thrown into the Tiber, as was the case with the straw puppets
(Argei) on May 15, and that the ceremony dropped out of practice, but
just survived in the Numicius legend[136]. But this is simply
hypothesis.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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