Caroline Herschel sent drawings she had made, showing the position of
the suspected object with regard to certain stars in the same field of
view, to Dr. Blagden. He was thus enabled to locate the comet and
confirm her observation. When this discovery of a comet was followed by
seven more, Caroline Herschel succeeded in making for herself a European
reputation for what was called “her eccentric vocation.”
In 1828 she received the gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society,
and in 1835 was elected an honorary member thereof. The personal
interest she took in her cometary captures is evidenced by a neat little
packet found among her papers after her death, containing the account of
her discoveries. It was labeled “Bills and Receipts of my Comets.” This
also has been carefully preserved by Miss Francesca Herschel (the
granddaughter of Sir William Herschel) who showed it to the writer
during the summer of 1922.
Searching for comets is not part of the defined programs of
observatories, as it involves an immense amount of time with results
which only present themselves at intervals. However, when an amateur
succeeds in discovering a comet and has made known the fact to a
professional astronomer, the latter completes the work of computing its
orbit and other elements, which is not usually undertaken by the
discoverer, unless he has the requisite mathematical knowledge.
Yet it is advantageous, if he possesses a ring micrometer (an instrument
used for the measurement of small angles), to learn how to make use of
it during the first few observations, which are usually made before the
comet has been seen elsewhere. These observations, if precise, will
prove of the greatest value. The news of the discovery of a comet should
be sent at the first opportunity to the director of the nearest
observatory, who will communicate with the director (Elis Stromgren) of
the Bureau Centrale Astronomique de l’Union Astronomique Internationale,
Observatoire de Copenhagen, from which center it will be sent broadcast
all over the world. The discoverer will then experience the delight of
having a comet named after him, which he can claim forthwith as his own
individual celestial treasure trove. As a matter of fact, newly
discovered comets are now usually referred to by their date and order of
discovery, as Comet 1, 1924, saving much confusion as to the name of the
actual discoverer. This was exemplified in the case of a comet found by
Pons in 1819 (III of that year), which Encke showed to be revolving in
an ellipse with a periodic time of three and one-half years. Hence its
name of Encke’s comet. It was again renamed after Winnecke, who
rediscovered it in 1858, but actually he had no more claim to the title
than Caroline Herschel, who discovered it in 1795—her seventh comet—or
Méchain by whom it had been previously seen in January, 1786.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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