To be lost is interesting, especially for a comet, when one considers
the vast expanse of highways and byways in starland, but the climax of
the tragedy in connection with this special comet was not reached until
its orbit crossed that of the earth on November 27, 1872. On that
eventful night the sky seemed to be literally ablaze with meteors, which
fell in swarms and showers of dazzling gleams of light, the downpour
lasting from seven o’clock in the evening until one o’clock next
morning, the maximum being attained at nine o’clock. We are told that
the total number observed in England was estimated at a hundred and
sixty thousand. They all came from the same part of the sky, radiating
from a point near the beautiful double star Gamma in the constellation
of Andromeda. But what was the meaning of the display? Had it been
caused by an encounter of the earth with the scattered fragments of the
lost comet? It certainly could not have had any connection with the
comet itself, which, providing it still existed, had passed that way
three months before. It was more likely the débris of its train
scattered along its path after its breaking up in 1846.
There seems to be no doubt of the identity of this swarm of meteors with
the comet of Biela, for on November 27, 1885, a similar encounter took
place, providing a magnificent display of meteors observed all over
Europe, just at the moment when the earth was due at a crossing in the
former path of the comet. On that same evening, a piece of meteoric iron
fell at Mazapil, in northern Mexico, during the course of the shower,
and according to Professor Young, “the coincidence may be accidental,
but is certainly interesting. Some high authorities speak confidently of
this piece of iron _as a piece of Biela’s comet itself_.” (_General
Astronomy_, C. A. Young.)
In 1892 and 1898, when the earth again crossed the former path of the
comet, a similar display occurred, though on a minor scale, and some of
the scattered cometary fragments may still be looked for on the evenings
from November 17 to 27. They are recognizable from their slow motion,
short trains, and from the fact that they all radiate from the
second-magnitude star Gamma in Andromeda. (Incidentally, this is the
star so charmingly dealt with by Dr. Holmes, in the _Poet at the
Breakfast Table_, really the astronomer of the breakfast table, as
suggested by conversations and correspondence between my father and
Oliver Wendell Holmes.)
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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