The Egyptians believed that there was another world, to which the
soul journeyed after death. But the journey was long and hazardous,
and the soul faced many perils on the way. In order to protect the
soul from danger, the Egyptians used to paint an image of the Sun God
within the tomb, thus placing the soul directly under the protection
of the god, and the soul would wander over the heavens in the company
of the god, immune from all harm, so long as the daylight lasted.
Directly darkness fell, all the evil spirits would come forth from
their retreats, and try to trap the soul as it stumbled blindly
through the labyrinths of the lower regions. All night the soul
would fight against these perils, struggling continually towards the
dawn. Then, as the sun came up, the soul would escape from the evil
demons, and wander free of danger through the heavens once more until
darkness fell.
Every human being was also considered to possess a perfect duplicate,
a double, and the Egyptians were taught that the life of this double
depended on the survival of the body, and if the double had no body
to return to, the double would become extinct and die for good.
Such a thing was too terrible to contemplate, and had it happened
it would have signified eternal disgrace to the living, as well as
obliteration to the dead. Consequently the body was embalmed, so
that it would be preserved for all time as a place of refuge for the
double.
There was the risk, however, that despite all precautions, something
might happen to the embalmed body, that it might be destroyed by some
accident quite unforeseen and unforeseeable. The Egyptians must have
considered this danger long and earnestly before they arrived at a
method of averting it.
The method was simplicity itself. What could serve the purpose better
than a statue of the deceased? If the mummy became damaged, there was
always the likeness in stone for the double to inhabit. Then somebody
decided that two statues would provide two chances for the double to
survive in case of accident to the mummy, and once the idea was fully
established the number of statues multiplied until there was a dozen
or more, all the same, carved in stone, to represent the dead man. To
avoid the possibility of the double making any mistake, the likeness
of the dead man was portrayed. This accounts for the finding of so
many statues of kings; each statue gave the king a chance in the
afterlife.
To provide sustenance for the double before it reached the Egyptian
equivalent of Paradise, jars of water, meat and bread were buried
with the mummy. It would not do for the dead to go hungry.
Theoretically the foodstuffs should have been replenished from time
to time, and no doubt for long this was done, but the Egyptians
finally found that it was difficult enough to provide for the living,
without toiling to feed the dead.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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