p. 4, l. 114. «lorde and governoure.» This repetition of the same idea by two synonymous words, the one of English and the other of French origin, is very common in M.E. writers. Thus we read in this poem, l. 2164 «lorde and sire», l. 225 «serchid and sought», ll. 3199, 1936 «joye and game», l. 742 «wel and fine». p. 4, l. 118. A «carrik» was a kind of large ship, called «caraca» in Italian, «carraca» in Spanish and Portuguese, «carraque» in French, «kraecke» in Dutch. The etymology is not clear. See Diez, «Etymol. Wörterb.», I. 112. Halliwell has ‘«carrack», a Spanish galleon. Sometimes English vessels of great value and size were so called.’ p. 4, l. 119. «Destruction», l. 385: “Par vii fois sont C mil, si l’estoire ne ment.” p. 4, l. 124. «his faire daughter Floripas.» Floripas is described as follows in the «Destruction», ll. 252–262: “Aitant es vous la bele ou il n’out qu’enseignier Vestue d’un diapre, onke ne vi tant chier, [p101] Ses crins sur ses epaules plus lusoient d’or mier, Sa char out bele et blanke plus que noifs en fevrier, Les oes avoit plus noirs que falcon montenier, Et le colour vermaile con rose de rosier, La bouche bien seant et douce pour baisier, Et les levres vermailes come flour de peskier; Les mameles out dures com pomme de pomnier, Plus sont blanches que noifs que chiet apres fevrier; Nuls hom ne porroit ja sa grant bealte preisier.” Compare also the French «Fierabras», ll. 2007, «et seq.» p. 4, l. 128. This line is clearly imitated from the «Destruction», ll. 331–2: “En sa main .i. baston que contremont bailie, Et manace François pour faire les loye.” Cf. «Introduction», p. xxiii. p. 5, l. 131. «breddes», “birds”; «l» and «r» very often change their place in a word. Thus we find «worlde» and «wrolde», «crafti» and «carfti», etc. p. 5, l. 132. «sowdon» and «sowdan» are used promiscuously in the rhymes. p. 5, l. 146. «Destruction», ll. 445–6: “N’i remeigne chastels, dongeons ne fermete Moustiers ne abbeie que ne soit embrase.” p. 5, l. 150. Compare the «Destruction», ll. 503–4: “L’apostoile de Rome ad la novele oie Ke payen sont venu els plains de Romanie.” p. 5, l. 157. «unknowne» makes no sense. Perhaps we ought to read «yknowne» or «not unknowne». In the «Destruction», ll. 509–513— “Seignours, ke le feromes, franke gent segnorie? Li admirals d’Espaigne a no terre seisie; Il en ont ja gastee une moult grant partie: Au bref terme serra ceste terre exillie; Qui bon consail saura vienge avant si nous die.” p. 5, l. 160. «unneth», O.E. «unêaðe», “uneasily, scarcely.” Chaucer has «unnethë», the final «e» being almost always sounded. See «Introduction», p. xxxix. p. 5, l. 163. «gydoure» evidently means “guide, conductor, commander.” p. 5, l. 164. «houne» = hounde. On the elition of final «d», see Skeat, «Specimens of Early English», 320/261, and «Preface to Havelok», p. xxxvii.