Or, 241,891,946 out of 285,971,623 _yen_. As the term manufacture is expansive, the articles herein included should be enumerated. They are: clothing, chemicals and drugs, metal wares, oil and wax, paper, cotton yarn and fabrics, raw and woven silks, tobacco, and sundries. Teas, grain, marine products and other food-stuffs, and furs, as well as reëxported articles, are excluded. See the _Kwampō_ (Official Gazette of Japan), No. 6199 (March 4, 1904), p. 77, table 7. Footnote 5: The crop of rice has increased since 1877 from 26.6 million to about 42,000,000 _koku_; that of barley, rye, and wheat from 9.6 million to 19 million _koku_. But the increase has been due more to an improved cultivation than to an extension of acreage. Although the wheat, barley, and rye land has grown from 2.35 million in 1877 to 4.43 million acres in 1901, the rice land has increased from 6,517,000 to only 6,982,000 acres. The crops of hemp and rape are stationary, while those of sugar, cotton, and indigo have largely fallen off. (These figures have been converted from those in the _20th Century_, pp. 119 ff. One _koku_ dry is equivalent to 4.9629 bushels.) Footnote 6: These figures have been worked out from the _Kokumin Shimbun_ (National News, hereafter abbreviated as the _Kokumin_) of February 5, 10, and 19, 1904. Also see a table and comment in the _Tōyō Keizai Shimpō_ (“Oriental Economist”), for May 5, 1903, pp. 17–19. Footnote 7: If sugar is added to the list, the figures will go up to more than 190 million _yen_, or 60 per cent. of the entire import trade. Footnote 8: 289.2 million _yen_ in 1902–3. The _Fourth Annual_, pp. 4 and 9, and plate 3. Also see the _Tōyō Keizai Shimpō_ (“Oriental Economist”) for December 5, 1902, pp. 19–21 and chart. Footnote 9: Or, less than 7,000,000 acres of wet fields and less than 6,000,000 of upland fields, the latter including mulberry and tea gardens, besides fields for _mugi_, beans, and vegetables. Based on the _20th Century_, pp. 95 ff. Footnote 10: This figure includes, however, all the land inclined at angles less than 15°, so that, from the practical point of view, it may be considered as highly exaggerated. The actual extent of the reclamation of wild land advances at a slow pace outside of the still largely undeveloped island of Hokkaidō. See _ibid._, pp. 95–96, 104. Footnote 11: Or, about 23,000,000 acres for nearly 47,000,000 people. If we take only the land under cultivation, on the one hand, and only the farming population, on the other, the ratio still remains the same, for then we have 13,000,000 acres for 28,000,000 people. The aggregate of the capital involved in the agriculture of Japan, including the value of land, buildings, implements, and live stock, is estimated at 7,400,000,000 _yen_, while the annual crops return about 1,000,000,000 _yen_. See the _20th Century_, pp. 105–106. Footnote 12: