The annual rainfall of Japan proper averages between 1300 mm. at Awomori and 2040 mm. at Kagoshima. A fairly rich sedimentary formation of soil is found everywhere, owing to the hilly nature of the country and the short and rapid current of the rivers. Footnote 13: Wherever possible, the farmer contrives to raise more than one crop on his land in different seasons during the year. In fact, more than 30 per cent. of rice land yields other crops besides rice, at places _mugi_, indigo, beans, and rape being cultivated on the same piece of land. Footnote 14: More than half of the wet fields of the country consist of lots smaller than one-eighth acre, and nearly three fourths are each less than one-quarter acre. The average size of the lots outside of Formosa and Hokkaidō is put down as .1 acre for wet fields and .12 acre for upland fields. Footnote 15: Compare the report of the U. S. Consul-General Bellows at Yokohama in the U. S. _Consular Reports_, advance sheets, No. 1757 (September 24, 1903). In addition to the conditions here enumerated, it must be remembered that there exists little or no pasture land in Japan, and that nearly all the labor is done by hand, there being only 1,500,000 horses and 1,300,000 horned animals in the country. See the _20th Century_, chapters on agriculture; the _Annual_, No. III, tables x-xiii; J. J. Rein’s _Industries of Japan_, English translation, New York, 1889, chapters on agriculture; and H. Dumolard’s _Le Japon politique, économique et social_, Paris, 1903, pp. 109–121. Footnote 16: The _20th Century_, p. 117; Dumolard, pp. 112–113. Footnote 17: This ratio includes, however, in the tenant class those farmers who are partly lessees and partly proprietors of small lots. In 1888, the ratio between (1) independent farmers, (2) partly lessees, and (3) entirely lessees, was 147:200:95. Since that time the ratio must have grown in favor of the tenants. See the _20th Century_, p. 90. Footnote 18: See the U. S. _Consular Reports_, advance sheets, No. 1529 (December 26, 1902). In 1902 the total debts of the farming classes of Japan were estimated at 400 million _yen_. Mr. S. Nakayama, in the _Tōyō Keizai Shimpō_ (“Oriental Economist”) for July 15, 1902, p. 14. Footnote 19: In 1903, Japan’s American trade was much below that of 1902. The latter showed an increase of 362 per cent. over 1890. Footnote 20: The actual figures were:— European American Japanese 1890 57,200,000 _yen_ 36,700,000 _yen_ 45,700,000 _yen_ 1903 166,900,000 _yen_ 95,900,000 _yen_ 295,900,000 _yen_ Footnote 21: