Of the 1430 vessels, aggregating 1,104,000 tons, entered at and cleared from Niu-chwang in 1902, the Japanese had 710 vessels and 491,000 tons, the British, 374 vessels and 350,000 tons, the Germans, 88 vessels and 73,000 tons, and so forth.—The _Kokumin_, April 29, 1904, from the _Tai Shin-Kan Bōyeki Chōsa Hōkoku_ (report on the trade with China and Korea), compiled by the Department of Agriculture and Commerce, Tokio, 1904. The Russians could show only 3 vessels and 1,223 tons, which was below their record for 1901 and less than one half of the average of the five years 1886, 1897, 1898, 1899, and 1901.—The British _Diplomatic and Consular Reports_, Annual Series, No. 2999 (on Niu-chwang), p. 9. Footnote 32: _Ibid._, p. 8. Footnote 33: The direct import trade of any trading nation at Niu-chwang does not represent the actual amount of the articles imported from the country of that nation, for most of the foreign goods come to Niu-chwang through some other distributing centres in China, such as Hong-kong or Shanghai. The Japanese goods, however, are nearly all carried by Japanese vessels. On the contrary, the American imports, besides jeans, drills, sheetings, kerosenes, and flour, are not specified in the customs returns of Niu-chwang, and consequently their nominal figures are insignificant (7396 _l._ in 1901 and 4089 _l._ in 1902), while Hong-kong, through which most of the American goods are imported into Niu-chwang, showed, in 1902, 385,302 _l._, or 55 per cent. of the entire direct trade. On the other hand, the estimate made by the Bureau of Statistics, Department of Commerce and Labor, Washington, showing 18,000,000 haikwan taels for the _real_ import of American goods into Niu-chwang, seems to be pretty liberal. See British _D. and C. Reports_, annual series, No. 2999, p. 8, and the U. S. _Monthly Summary of Commerce and Finance_, January, 1904, p. 2328. Footnote 34: See the _Tsūshō Isan_ for January 22, 1903, pp. 10–11. Footnote 35: See the _Tōyō Keizai Shimpō_ (“Oriental Economist”), No. 165 (July 15, 1900), and No. 244 (September 25, 1902). Footnote 36: The _Kokumin_, November 26, 1903. Footnote 37: The _Annai_, pp. 58–61. Footnote 38: Mr. Shiga’s letter, in the _Kokumin_, July 5, 1904. Footnote 39: In July, 1903, there were, besides soldiers, 26,705 Japanese in the eight treaty ports and Seul and Ping-yang. To these must be added about 4000 who lived on some islands and places outside of the treaty ports. See the _Dōbun-kwai Hōkoku_ (Report of the Dōbun Association), No. 41, pp. 95–96, and the _Tsūshō Isan_ for October 18, 1903, pp. 29–47; April 8, 1904, pp. 28–52. Mr. Yamamoto places the number of the Japanese residents in Korea at 40,000. See his _Saishin Chōsen Ijū Annai_ (latest guide for emigration to Korea; hereafter abbreviated as the _Annai_), Tokio, 1904, p. 14. Footnote 40: The _Annai_, pp. 8–9, 19–20.