The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
The Mālavikāgnimitra, it is true, has far fewer beauties of diction
than the other two dramas, but it contains many verses which are
unmistakably the work of Kālidāsa, though they present much less than
the maturity of his later style. The figure of discrepancy (viṣama) is
illustrated by the description of the god of love whose bow, so
innocent in seeming, can yet work such ill: [340]
kva rujā hṛdayapramāthinī: kva ca te viçvasanīyam āyudham
mṛdutīkṣṇataraṁ yad ucyate: tad idam manmatha dṛçyate tvayi.
‘How strange the difference between this pain that wrings the heart,
and thy bow to all seeming so harmless. That which is most sweet and
most bitter at once is assuredly found in thee, O God of Love.’
Agnimitra is ready enough with a pun, when Mālavikā, on being bidden to
show fearlessly her love towards him, slyly reminds him that she has
seen him as terrified as herself of the queen: [341]
dākṣiṇyaṁ nāma bimboṣṭhi baimbikānāṁ kulavratam
tan me dīrghākṣi ye prāṇās te tvadāçānibandhanāḥ.
‘Politeness, O Bimba-lipped one, is the family tradition of the
descendants of Bimbaka; nevertheless, what life I have depends entirely
on the hope of thy favour.’ The excellent Kauçikī consoles and comforts
Dhāriṇī with her approval of her acts: [342]
pratipakṣeṇāpi patiṁ sevante bhartṛvatsalāḥ sādhvyaḥ
anyasaritām api jalaṁ samudragāḥ prāpayanty udadhim.
‘Even to the extent of admitting a rival, noble ladies, who love their
spouses, honour their husbands; the great rivers bear to the ocean the
waters of many a tributary stream.’ There is an amusing directness and
homeliness in the king’s utterance on learning of the true quality of
Mālavikā: [343]
preṣyabhāvena nāmeyaṁ devīçabdakṣamā satī
snānīyavastrakriyayā patrorṇaṁ vopayujyate.
‘This lady, fit to bear the title of queen, has been treated as a
maid-servant, even as one might use a garment of woven silk for a
bathing cloth.’ But Kālidāsa shows himself equal to the expression of
more manly sentiments as well; the nun thus tells of her brother’s fall
in the effort to save Mālavikā when the foresters attack them: [344]
imām parīpsur durjāte parābhibhavakātarām
bhartṛpriyaḥ priyair bhartur ānṛṇyam asubhir gataḥ.
‘Eager in this misfortune to protect her, terrified by the enemy’s
onslaught, he paid with his dear life his debt of affection to the lord
whom he loved.’ The king’s reply is manly: bhagavati tanutyajām īdṛçī
lokayātrā: na çocyaṁ tatrabhavān saphalīkṛtabhartṛpiṇḍaḥ. ‘O lady, such
is the fate of brave men; thou must not mourn for him who showed
himself thus worthy of his master’s salt.’
5. THE LANGUAGE AND THE METRES
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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