The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practiceKeith, Arthur Berriedale
History
The Sanskrit drama : $b in its origin, development, theory and practice
Keith, Arthur Berriedale
Sanskrit drama -- History and criticism
To Candaka is ascribed in the Subhāṣitāvali [356] a fine verse of
martial tone:
eṣā hi raṇagatasya dṛḍhā pratijñā: drakṣyanti yan na ripavo
jaghanaṁ hayānām
yuddheṣu bhāgyacapaleṣu na me pratijñā: daivaṁ yad icchati jayaṁ ca
parājayaṁ ca.
‘I go to battle, and I swear that my foes shall never see the backs of
my steeds; for the rest, fate directs the destiny of the wavering
fight; I promise nothing, but shall take defeat or victory as it
pleases destiny.’ A verse of love is: [357]
prasāde vartasva prakaṭaya mudaṁ saṁtyaja ruṣam
priye çuṣyanty an̄gāny amṛtam iva te siñcatu vacaḥ
nidhānaṁ saukhyānāṁ kṣaṇam abhimukhaṁ sthāpaya mukham
na mugdhe pratyetum bhavati gataḥ kālahariṇaḥ.
‘Be gentle; show a little joy; lay aside thy anger; beloved, my limbs
are dried up, let thy speech pour ambrosia upon them. Turn to me for a
moment thy face, the abode of happiness; foolish one, time is an
antelope which, gone, cannot be recalled.’ The other citations we have
show skill both in tragic and erotic sentiment.
Candraka was evidently admired by the authorities on poetics; we find
in the commentary on the Daçarūpa [358] a verse, elsewhere ascribed to
him, cited as an example where diverse sentiments blend but where one,
that of coming parting of lovers, is predominant:
ekenākṣṇā paritataruṣā vīkṣate vyomasaṁstham
bhānor bimbaṁ sajalalulitenāpareṇātmakāntam
ahnaç chede dayitavirahāçan̄kinī cakravākī
dvau saṁkīrṇau racayati rasau nartakīva pragalbhā.
‘With one angry eye she gazes on the orb of the sun as it tarries on
the horizon; with the other, dimmed by her tears, she looks on her
soul’s beloved; thus the mate of the Cakravāka, feeling the approach at
nightfall of separation from her dear one, expresses two emotions, even
as a clever actress.’
Curiously enough we have no less than four stanzas of benediction
ascribed to him, which illustrate a formal feature of the Sanskrit
drama, the introduction of each play with one or more stanzas involving
divine favour. The verses are interesting, not so much for the
intrinsic merits of their poetry, which frankly are not great, but
because of the curious manner in which Indian poetry treats its
deities; the greatest of gods nevertheless in his sportive moods is yet
made the prototype of the human lover: [359]
cyutām indor lekhāṁ ratikalahabhagnaṁ ca valayam
çanair ekīkṛtya hasitamukhī çailatanayā
avocad yam paçyety avatu sa çivaḥ sā ca girijā
sa ca krīḍācandro daçanakiraṇapūritatanuḥ.
‘Smiling, the daughter of the mountain wrought into one a digit fallen
from the moon and a bracelet broken in a love quarrel, and said to her
lord, “Behold my work”. May he, Çiva, protect you, and the lady of the
mountain, and that moon of dalliance all covered with bites and rays.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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