[Footnote 165: "Particularity" (whence the name Vaiśeshika) is not "individuality, as of this particular flash of lightning,"--but it is the individuality either of those eternal substances which, being single, have no genus, as ether, time, and space; or of the different atomic minds; or of the atoms of the four remaining substances, earth, water, fire, and air, these atoms being supposed to be the _ne plus ultra_, and as they have no parts, they are what they are by their own indivisible nature. Ballantyne translated _viśesha_ as "ultimate difference." I am not sure whether the individual soul has _viśesha_.] [Footnote 166: Mutual non-existence (_anyonyábháva_) exists between two notions which have no property in common, as a "pot is not cloth;" but the genus is the same in two pots, both alike being pots.] [Footnote 167: "_Samaváyasambandábhávát samaváyo na játiḥ_," Siddh. Mukt. (_Saṃyoga_ being a _guṇa_ has _guṇatva_ existing in it with intimate relation).] [Footnote 168: The feel or touch of earth is said to be "neither hot nor cold, and its colour, taste, smell, and touch are changed by union with fire" (Bháshá-parichchheda, _sl._ 103, 104).] [Footnote 169: The organ of touch is an aërial integument.--_Colebrooke._] [Footnote 170: Sound is twofold,--"produced from contact," as the _first_ sound, and "produced from sound," as the _second_. _Janya_ is added to exclude God's knowledge, while _saṃyogájanya_ excludes the soul's, which is produced by contact, as of the soul and mind, mind and the senses, &c.] [Footnote 171: The mediate cause itself is the conjunction of time with some body, &c., existing in time,--this latter is the intimate cause, while the knowledge of the revolutions of the sun is the instrumental cause. In p. 106, line 12, read _adhikaraṇaṃ_.] [Footnote 172: _Paratva_ being of two kinds, _daiśika_ and _kálika_.] [Footnote 173: Time, space, and mind have no special qualities; the last, however, is not pervading but atomic.] [Footnote 174: The three other _padárthas_, beside soul, which are _amúrtta_,--time, ether, and space,--are not genera.] [Footnote 175: All numbers, from duality upwards, are artificial, _i.e._, they are made by our minds; unity alone exists in things themselves--each being _one_; and they only become two, &c., by our choosing to regard them so, and thus joining them in thought.] [Footnote 176: _Saṃskára_ is here the idea conceived by the mind--created, in fact, by its own energies out of the material previously supplied to it by the senses and the internal organ or mind. (Cf. the tables in p. 153.)] [Footnote 177: Here and elsewhere I omit the metrical summary of the original, as it adds nothing new to the previous prose.] [Footnote 178: Every cause must be either _jñápaka_ or _janaka_; _apekshábuddhi_, not being the former, must be the latter.]