[Footnote 247: Mádhava here calls it the _práchí Mímáṃsá_.] [Footnote 248: Cf. _J. Nyáyamálávist_, pp. 5-9.] [Footnote 249: Thus it is said that he who desires to be a family priest should offer a black-necked animal to Agni, a parti-coloured one to Soma, and a black-necked one to Agni. Should this be a case for _tantra_ or not? By _tantra_ one offering to Agni would do for both; but as the offering to Soma comes between, they cannot be united, and thus it must be a case of _ávápa_, _i.e._, offering the two separately (_J. Nyáyamálá_, xi. 1, 13).] [Footnote 250: In p. 123, line 4, I read _vilakshaṇa-dṛishṭaphala_.] [Footnote 251: In the former case it would be a _vidhi_, in the latter a _niyama_. Cf. the lines _vidhir atyantam aprápto niyamaḥ pákshike sati, tatra chányatra cha práptau parisaṃkhyá vidhíyate_.] [Footnote 252: The Mímáṃsá holds that the potential and similar affixes, which constitute a _vidhi_, have a twofold power; by the one they express an active volition of the agent, corresponding to the root-meaning (_artha-bhávaná_); by the other an enforcing power in the word (_śabda-bhávaná_). Thus in _svargakámo yajeta_, the _eta_ implies "let him produce heaven by means of certain acts which together make up a sacrifice possessing a certain mystic influence;" next it implies an enforcing power residing in itself (as it is the word of the self-existent Veda and not of God) which sets the hearer upon this course of action.] [Footnote 253: These four "fruits of action" are obscure, and I do not remember to have seen them alluded to elsewhere. I was told in India that they were a thing's coming into being, growing, declining, and perishing. If so, they are the second, third, fifth, and sixth of the six _vikáras_ mentioned in Śaṅkara's Vajrasúchi, 2, _i.e._, _asti_, _jáyate_, _vardhate_, _vipariṇamate_, _apakshíyate_, _naśyati_. I do not see how there could be any reference to the four kinds of _apúrva_, sc. _phala_, _samudáya_, _utpatti_, and _aṅga_, described in Nyáya M. V. ii. 1, 2.] [Footnote 254: The _nigamas_ are the Vedic quotations in Yáska's _nirukta_.] [Footnote 255: See Nyáya-málá-vistara, i. 4, 19.] [Footnote 256: The exact number is 915.] [Footnote 257: This is to explain the last of the five members, the _saṃgati_.] [Footnote 258: Cf. Aśvaláyana's Gṛihya Sútras, i. 19, 1.] [Footnote 259: The _anuváda_, of course, implies a previous _vidhi_, which it thus repeats and supplements, and so carries with it an equal authority. The _anuváda_ in the present case is the passage which mentions that the Veda is to be read, as it enforces the previous _vidhi_ as to teaching.] [Footnote 260: I read in p. 127, line 12, _anava-gamyamánasya_, and so the recension given in the Nyáya M. V. p. 14, _na budhyamánasya_.] [Footnote 261: In the next two or three pages I have frequently borrowed from Dr. Muir's translation in his _Sanskrit Texts_, vol. iii. p. 88.]