The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha: Or, Review of the Different Systems of Hindu PhilosophyMadhava
ReligionEastern
The Sarva-Darsana-Samgraha: Or, Review of the Different Systems of Hindu Philosophy
Madhava
Philosophy, Hindu; Philosophy, Indic
Difference (or duality between the Supreme Being and the universe) may
also be inferred from cognisability and other marks. So also
difference (or duality) may be understood from revelation, from texts
setting out duality in emancipation and beatitude, such as: "All
rejoice over truth attained; truthful, and celebrating the gift of the
divine Indra, they recount his glory;" "Sarva, among those that know
the truth, O Bráhman, is in the universe, true spirit; true is
individual spirit; truth is duality, truth is duality, in me is
illusion, in me illusion, in me illusion."
Again:--
"After attaining this knowledge, becoming like unto me,
"In creation they are not born again, in retractation they
perish not" (Bhagavad-gítá, xiv. 2).
According also to such aphorisms as, "Excepting cosmical operation
because of occasion, and because of non-proximity."
Nor should suggestion be made that individual spirit is God in virtue
of the text, He that knows the absolute becomes the absolute; for this
text is hyperbolically eulogistic, like the text, Worshipping a
Bráhman devoutly a Śúdra becomes a Bráhman, _i.e._, becomes exalted.
If any one urge that according to the text:--
"If the universe existed it would doubtless come to an end,"
this duality is merely illusory, and in reality a unity, and that
duality is learnt to be illusorily imagined; it may be replied: What
you say is true, but you do not understand its meaning; for the real
meaning is, If this world had been produced, it would, without doubt,
come to an end; therefore this universe is from everlasting, a
fivefold dual universe; and it is not non-existent, because it is mere
illusion. Illusion is defined to be the will of the Lord, in virtue
of the testimony of many such passages as:--
"The great illusion, ignorance, necessity, the bewilderment,
"The originant, ideation,--thus is thy will called, O
Infinite.
"The originant, because it originates greatly; ideation,
because it produces ideas;
"The illusion of Hari, who is called _a_, is termed
(_avidyá_) ignorance:
"Styled (_máyá_) illusion, because it is pre-eminent, for
the name _máyá_ is used of the pre-eminent;
"The excellent knowledge of Vishṇu is called, though one
only, by these names;
"For Hari is excellent knowledge, and this is characterised
by spontaneous beatitude."
That in which this excellent knowledge produces knowledge and effects
sustentation thereof, that is pure illusion, as known and sustained,
therefore by the Supreme Lord duality is not illusorily imagined. For
in the Lord illusory imagination of the universe is not possible,
illusory imagination arising from non-perception of differences (which
as an imperfection is inconsistent with the divine nature).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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