[Footnote 142: The thirty-one _tattvas_ are as follow:--Twenty-four _átmatattvas_, five elements, five _tanmátras_, ten organs of sense and action, four organs of the _antaḥkaraṇa_, and seven _vidyátattvas_ as enumerated above. (See J. A. O. S. iv. pp. 16-17.)] [Footnote 143: I take _aṇu_ in this verse as the soul, but it may mean the second kind of _mala_ mentioned by Hoisington. The first kind of _mala_ is the _máyá-mala_, the second _áṇava-mala_, the third _kanma-mala_ (_karman_).] [Footnote 144: "The soul, when clothed with these primary things (desire, knowledge, action, the _kaládipanchaka_, &c.), is an exceedingly small body" (Foulkes). One of the three _malas_ is called _áṇava_, and is described as the source of sin and suffering to souls.] [Footnote 145: The first three are the three kinds of _mala_ in the J. A. O. S., viz., _áṇavam_, _kanmam_, and _máyei_, the last is the "obscuring" power of Máyesuran (cf. vol. iv. pp. 13, 14). The Śaivas hold that Páśa, like the Sánkhya Prakṛiti, is in itself eternal, although its connection with any particular soul is temporary (see J. A. O. S. iv. p. 228).] [Footnote 146: These are the five, _vindu_, _mala_, _karman_, _máyá_, and _rodhaśakti_. _Vindu_ is described in Foulkes' translation of the Śiva-prakáśa-patalai: "A sound proceeds out of the mystical syllable _om_;... and in that sound a rudimentary atom of matter is developed. From this atom are developed the four sounds, the fifty-one Sanskrit letters, the Vedas, Mantras, &c., the bodily, intellectual, and external enjoyments of the soul that have not attained to spiritual knowledge at the end of each period of the world's existence, and have been swept away by the waters of the world-destroying deluge; after these the three stages of heavenly happiness are developed, to be enjoyed by the souls that have a favourable balance of meritorious deeds, or have devoted themselves to the service of God or the abstract contemplation of the Deity, viz., (1.) the enjoyment of the abode of Śiva; (2.) that of near approach to him; (3.) that of union with him." _Vindu_ is similarly described, J. A. O. S. iv. pp. 152, 153 (cf. also Weber, _Rámatápanyía Up_. pp. 312-315).] [Footnote 147: See the same illustrations in J. A. O. S. iv. p. 150.] [Footnote 148: Some forced derivation seems here intended as of _páśa_ from _paśchát_.] [Footnote 149: In p. 90, line 2, read _sá káryeṇa_.] CHAPTER VIII. THE PRATYABHIJNA-DARSANA, OR RECOGNITIVE SYSTEM.