[963] _Verpos._ Some of the commentators waste a great amount of zeal, and no little knowledge, to show us that these lines prove Juvenal to have been in utter ignorance of the Mosaic law. I presume Juvenal means to tell us _what the Jews did_, not what the Jewish law _taught_; which had they followed, they would not have been in Rome for Juvenal to write about. These lines, in fact, instead of contradicting Josephus, _confirm_ his account of the state of his countrymen, and are another valuable testimony to prove that they "_had_ made the word of God of none effect through their traditions." What should we say of Messrs. Johnson, Malone, and Steevens, were they to gravely demonstrate that Shakspeare wrote in _ignorance of the tenets of Judaism_ when he introduces Shylock coveting Signor Antonio's "pound of flesh?" [964] _Septima._ Cf. Tac., His., v., 4, "Septimo die otium placuisse ferunt; quia is finem laborum tulerit; dein blandiente inertiâ, septimum quoque annum ignaviæ datum." [965] _Specie._ Hor., A. P., 25, "Decipimur specie recti." Pers., v., 105, "Et veri speciem dignoscere calles." "For this grave vice, assuming Virtue's guise, Seems Virtue's self to superficial eyes." Gifford. [966] _Frugi._ Hor., i., Sat. iii., 49, "Parcius hic vivit, frugi dicatur." [967] _Tutela._ Hor., A. P., 169, "Vel quod Quærit, et inventis miser abstinet ac timet uti," and l. 325-333. [968] _Hesperidum._ Vid. Ov., Met., iv., 627, _seq._ Virg., Æn., iv., 480, _seq._ Athen., iii., p. 82, ed. Dindorf. [969] _Artificem._ "And reasoning from the fortune he has made, Hail him a perfect master of his trade." Gifford. [970] _Animi._ Hor., i., Ep. xv., 45, "Vos sapere et solos aio bene vivere quorum Conspicitur nitidis fundata pecunia villis." [971] _Elementa._ "Vice boasts its elements, like other arts: These he inculcates first; anon imparts The petty tricks of saving: last inspires Of endless wealth th' insatiable desires." Gifford. [972] _Servorum._ Juvenal had evidently Theophrastus' αἰσχροκερδὴς in his eye: τὰ δὲ καταλειπόμενα ἀπὸ τῆς τραπέζης ἡμίση τῶν ῥαφανίδων ἀπογράφεσθαι, ἵνα οἱ διακονοῦντες παῖδες μὴ λάβωσι. [973] _Modio iniquo._ Cf. Theophr., Char., 80 (π. αίσχροκερδ.), φειδωνίῳ μέτρῳ τὸν πύνδακα ἐγκεκρουσμένῳ μετρεῖν αὐτὸς τοῖς ἔνδον τὰ ἐπιτήδεια σφόδρα ἀποψῶν. [974] _Mucida._ v., 68, "Solidæ jam mucida frusta farinæ." [975] _Septembri._ The hottest and most unhealthy month in Rome. Cf. vi., 517. Hor., i., Ep. xvi., 16. [976] _Minutal._ The μυττωτὸς and περίκομμα of Aristophanes. Martial describes one, lib. xi., Ep. xxxi. Cf. Apic, iv., 3. [977] _Hesternum._ So Θοίνην ἕωλον. Athen., vii., 2. Mart., i., Ep. civ., 7, "Deque decem plures semper servantur olivæ, explicat et cœnas unica mensa duas." [978] _Conchem._ iii., 293, "Cujus conche tumes."