The Saxons in England, Volume 1 (of 2): A history of the English commonwealth till the period of the Norman conquestKemble, John Mitchell
History
The Saxons in England, Volume 1 (of 2): A history of the English commonwealth till the period of the Norman conquest
Kemble, John Mitchell
Great Britain -- History -- Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066
We are fortunate in being able to use not a translation of Wurth, but
the word itself; I am not aware of its continuing to exist in any
other German dialect.
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The Anglosaxon equivalent is _Wyrd_, an expression of the very commonest
and most frequent occurrence. It should however be borne in mind that
there are two separate uses of this word, one a more abstract one, in
which it is capable of being used in the plural, and which may generally
be rendered _eventus_[735], another more personal, similar to the
Oldsaxon _Wurth_, and in which it never occurs but in the singular[736].
In the following most remarkable passage the heathen and Christian
thoughts are strangely mingled, Wierd being placed in actual apposition
with God,
swá he hyra má wólde
nefne him witig God,
Wyrd forstóde,
⁊ ðæs mannes mód[737].
“As he would more of them had not wise God, Wierd forstood him, and the
man’s courage.” How very heathen the whole would be, were we only to
conceive the word _God_ an interpolation, which is highly probable;
nefne him witig—Wyrd forstóde[738]! The following examples will show the
use of Wyrd:—“hine Wyrd fornam,”—him _Wierd_ ravished away[739]: just as
in other passages we have guð fornam[740], Wíg ealle fornam[741], swylt
fornam[742], deað fornam[743]. “Wyrd ungemete neáh[744],”— _Wierd_ was
immeasurably near him; as in the Oldsaxon passages above cited, and as
Deað ungemete neáh[745]. “Ac unc sceal weorðan æt wealle, swá unc Wyrd
geteóð, métod manna gehwǽs[746],”—it shall befal us as _Wierd_ decideth,
the lord of every man. “Swá him Wyrd ne gescráf[747],”—_Wierd_ did not
appoint. “Ealle Wyrd forsweóp[748],”—_Wierd_ has swept away. “Ús seó
wyrd scýðeð, heard and hetegrim[749],”—us doth _Wierd_ pursue, hard and
grim in hate.
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Footnote 735:
Ne wæs wyrd ðágen
ðæt he má móste
manna cynnes
þicgean ofer ða niht. (Beów. l. 1462.)
wyrd ne cúðon. (Ibid. l. 2467.)
Footnote 736:
One exception to be hereafter noticed seems more apparent than real.
If however it be taken in its fullest and ordinary grammatical sense,
it will show that all three or more sisters were in contemplation, and
that the name of the eldest had become a general expression for them
all.
Footnote 737:
Beów. l. 2104.
Footnote 738:
Ibid. l. 2411.
Footnote 739:
Ibid. l. 2240.
Footnote 740:
Ibid. l. 2154.
Footnote 741:
Ibid. l. 2872.
Footnote 742:
Ibid. l. 4234, 4468.
Footnote 743:
Ibid. l. 4836.
Footnote 744:
Ibid. l. 5453.
Footnote 745:
Ibid. l. 5048.
Footnote 746:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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