The Saxons in England, Volume 1 (of 2): A history of the English commonwealth till the period of the Norman conquestKemble, John Mitchell
History
The Saxons in England, Volume 1 (of 2): A history of the English commonwealth till the period of the Norman conquest
Kemble, John Mitchell
Great Britain -- History -- Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066
This is a most remarkable passage, for Wyrd is distinctly called
Metod, a word generally appropriated to God; but I am disposed to
think that Metten, another word for Fate, was uppermost in the poet’s
mind,—perhaps found in some heathen copy of the poem. “Ða gráman
mettena,” _saevae parcae_. Boet. p. 161. (Rawl.)
Footnote 747:
Beów. l. 5145.
Footnote 748:
Beów. l. 5624.
Footnote 749:
Cod. Vercel. Anal. l. 3121.
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These examples will suffice to show how thoroughly personal the
conception of _Wierd_ remained; and in this respect there is no
difference whatever between the practice in Beówulf and in the more
professedly Christian poems of the Exeter and Vercelli codices, or
Cædmon. But one peculiarity remains to be noticed, which connects our
_Wierd_ in the most striking manner with the heathen goddesses
generally, and the Scandinavian Nornir particularly. We have seen that
_Wierd_ opposes, that she stands close to the doomed warrior, that she
ravishes him away, that she sweeps away the power of men, that she
decides or appoints the event, that she is hard and cruel and pursues
her victims. But she also _weaves_, weaves the web of destiny, as we can
say even to this day without violence. It is necessary to give examples
of this expression: “Me ðæt wyrd gewæf[750],”—_Wierd_ wove that for me;
similar to which is, “Ac him dryhten forgeaf wígspéda gewiofu[751],”—but
the Lord gave him the weft of victory; where undoubtedly an earlier
weaving Wyrd was thought of. “Ðonne seó þrag cymeð, wefen
wyrd-stafum[752],”—when the time cometh, woven with _wierd_-staves, or
letters, probably _runes_. There is a remarkable passage in the same
collection[753], “Wyrmas mec ne áwǽfon, Wyrda cræftum, ða ðe geolo
godwebb geatwum frætwað,”—Worms wove me not, with the skill of _Wierds_,
those namely which the yellow silk for garments beautifully form. Here
weaving is especially put forward as that in which _Wierd_ excels, her
own peculiar craft and business[754].
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Footnote 750:
Cod. Exon. p. 355.
Footnote 751:
Beów. l. 1386.
Footnote 752:
Cod. Exon. p. 183.
Footnote 753:
Ibid. p. 417.
Footnote 754:
I am almost inclined to think the words searorúna gespon, _the web of
various runes_, merely a periphrasis for wyrd, taken in the abstract
sense of _event_. Cod. Ex. p. 347.
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