The Master said: A man of inward virtue[27] will have virtuous words on his lips, but a man of virtuous words is not always a virtuous man. The man of perfect goodness[27b] is sure to possess courage, but the courageous man is not necessarily good. Can true love be anything but exacting? How can our sense of duty allow us to abstain from admonition? The nobler sort of man tends upwards; the baser sort tends downwards. The princely type of man is modest in his speech, but liberal in his performance. The princely man has three great virtues, which I cannot claim for myself. He is truly benevolent, and is free from care; he is truly wise, and is free from delusions; he is truly brave, and is free from fear.--Nay, replied Tzŭ Kung, these virtues are our Master's own.[27] The Master said: Is not he a sage who neither anticipates deceit nor suspects bad faith in others, yet is prompt to detect them when they appear? Some one asked: How do you regard the principle of returning good for evil?--The Master said: What, then, is to be the return for good? Rather should you return justice for injustice, and good for good.[28] Tzŭ Lu asked about the conduct of the princely man.[29] The Master said: He cultivates himself so as to gain in self-respect.--Does he rest content with that?--He cultivates himself, was the reply, so as to give happiness to others.--And is he content with that?--He cultivates himself so as to confer peace and prosperity on the whole people. By self-cultivation to confer peace and prosperity on the whole people!--was not this the object which Yao and Shun still laboured to attain? Tzŭ Kung asked for advice on the practice of moral virtue. The Master replied: If an artisan wants to do his work well, he must begin by sharpening his tools. Even so, among the great men of your country, you should serve the wise and good, and make friends of men who have this moral virtue. The Master said: The higher type of man makes a sense of duty the groundwork of his character, blends with it in action a sense of harmonious proportion, manifests it in a spirit of unselfishness, and perfects it by the addition of sincerity and truth. Then indeed is he a noble character. The higher type of man seeks all that he wants in himself; the inferior man seeks all that he wants from others. The higher type of man is firm but not quarrelsome; sociable, but not clannish. The wise man does not esteem a person more highly because of what he says, neither does he undervalue what is said because of the person who says it. Tzŭ Kung asked, saying: Is there any one maxim which ought to be acted upon throughout one's whole life?--The Master replied: Surely the maxim of charity[30] is such:--Do not unto others what you would not they should do unto you.