Methods, 72, 73, 74, 82, 83, 219-222; in German, 155; in history, 157, 158, 176; in mother tongue, 118, 119; in nature study, 140; in religion, 163, 164, 200. Middle school, 31, 32, 100, 149-162; its aim, 149, 150; its foundation, 149; length of course in, 149, 150; its limits, 149; work of, 31, 32. Moral delinquents, prevention and care of, 187. Mother tongue, 118-124, 152-154, 164-167; aim on instruction in, 118; correct use of, 123; in America, 124; inclusiveness of work in, 123, 124; methods in, 118, 119; nature of work in, 166, 167. Natural history, 179-181; laboratory work in, 180, 181. Nature study, 139-146, 161, 162, 179-181; aim of, 139; illustrative material in, 140-146; character, 161, 162; laboratory work in, 180, 181; methods in, 140; scope of, 139. Norway, adopts constitution, 20; area of, 22; becomes independent, 22; climate of, 23; development of, 20, 183; geography of, 22; history of, 19; nights in, 24; period of transition in, 183; political divisions of, 22; revolt of, 20; its union with Denmark, 20; its union with Sweden, 20. Normal schools in the United States, 193, 194. Norwegians, characteristics of, 25, 26, 27; as colonizers, 20; as sailors, 25; conservative, 184, 185; democratic, 184, 185. Observation and practice, 83, 84. Occupations, 24. Offices, 67, 68. Officials, duties of, 188; efficiency of, 189. Organization, needed in America, 189. Paganism overcome, 20. Pedagogical seminary, 84, 85, 185, 193, 195. Pensions, 92, 93. People, ideals of, 182, 183. Permanency of teaching positions, 87-89; advantages of, 87; objections to, 88; present tendencies with reference to, 89. Physical culture, 204-207. Physician, 77, 78. Physical geography, 177. Political geography, 177. Practice teaching, 83, 84. Private citizens, their part in school affairs, 61, 62. Primary education, 52. Private institutions, 81. Private schools, 42-44, 54, 186; equipment of, 43; inspection of, 43; recognition of, 44; secondary, 186; teachers' seminaries, 186; technical institutes, 186; tuition in, 43. Primary schools, 36-39, 185; attendance in, 36-39; course of study in, 102, 104, 106; curriculum in, 99; rural and city, 101; their financing, 62. Professional training, 33, 79-85, 194, 195; amount of, 194, 195; attitude toward, 194; standards of, 33. Promotion of teachers, 198. Pupils, in gymnasia, 40; in lower schools, 40; in middle schools, 40. Recitation, method of, 72, 4. Religion, 108-117. Religious characters, 114. Religious education, 115-117, 151, 152, 163, 164, 199-202; advantages of, 116; excused from, 117; loss of interest in, 163, 164; methods in, 163, 164, 200; objection to, 116, 117; required, 116; results of, 115-117. Royal Frederic University, 32.