The “petrified water” of the brickmaker. It is a crystalline form of gypsum--a hydrous sulphate of lime, occurring in large quantities in the commonest clays used in brickmaking. Large and beautiful crystals, some of them radiating from a central point, are found in the London Clay, Kimeridge Clay, Oxford Clay, &c. By expelling the water from selenite, or gypsum, plaster of Paris may be prepared. In the kiln, therefore, it is important that this constituent be as finely ground as possible, so as to localise the effects of the anhydrous sulphate on being moistened subsequently. In hard burnt bricks, no doubt, a great deal of it is effectively used as a flux to other constituents of the clay; but in by far the larger quantity of bricks this sulphate is reduced to fine powdery particles easily picked out as being softer and lighter in tint than the remaining constituents. The weather-resisting qualities of the brick are naturally, not improved when much baked selenite is present; and the colour of the whole is apt to become variegated--that is, in a fairly soft brick. DOLOMITE. Dolomite is, chemically, composed of the carbonates of lime and magnesia in about equal proportions. It is found as rhombohedral crystals, the faces of which are often curved; also in granular and massive conditions. Its prevailing colour is light yellow both in crystals and rock masses, but, as with most other minerals, impurities occasionally make it assume other tints, principally red and green. Carbonate of iron is frequently present, sometimes to such an extent as to entirely alter the character of the substance. As separate crystals dolomite has very little interest for us, though rarely it may take the place of calcite or aragonite in the fossils of brick-earths and clays. But in its massive condition, as magnesian limestone, it is of increasing importance to the brickmaker. For many years it has been utilised in the manufacture of basic bricks, though at the present moment the market in these materials is attentively looking at the possibilities of the next mineral to be described. MAGNESITE.