The Sense of Beauty: Being the Outlines of Aesthetic TheorySantayana, George
Philosophy
The Sense of Beauty: Being the Outlines of Aesthetic Theory
Santayana, George
Aesthetics
There is here, then, a very marked distinction between physical and
aesthetic pleasure; the organs of the latter must be transparent, they
must not intercept our attention, but carry it directly to some
external object. The greater dignity and range of aesthetic pleasure
is thus made very intelligible. The soul is glad, as it were, to forget
its connexion with the body and to fancy that it can travel over the
world with the liberty with which it changes the objects of its
thought. The mind passes from China to Peru without any
conscious change in the local tensions of the body. This illusion of
disembodiment is very exhilarating, while immersion in the flesh
and confinement to some organ gives a tone of grossness
and selfishness to our consciousness. The generally meaner
associations of physical pleasures also help to explain their
comparative crudity.
_The differetia of aesthetic pleasure not its disinterestedness._
Sec. 8. The distinction between pleasure and the sense of beauty has
sometimes been said to consist in the unselfishness of aesthetic
satisfaction. In other pleasures, it is said, we gratify our senses and
passions; in the contemplation of beauty we are raised above
ourselves, the passions are silenced and we are happy in the
recognition of a good that we do not seek to possess. The painter
does not look at a spring of water with the eyes of a thirsty man,
nor at a beautiful woman with those of a satyr. The difference lies,
it is urged, in the impersonality of the enjoyment. But this
distinction is one of intensity and delicacy, not of nature, and it
seems satisfactory only to the least aesthetic minds.[1]
In the second place, the supposed disinterestedness of aesthetic
delights is not truly fundamental. Appreciation of a picture is not
identical with the desire to buy it, but it is, or ought to be, closely
related and preliminary to that desire. The beauties of nature and of
the plastic arts are not consumed by being enjoyed; they retain all
the efficacy to impress a second beholder. But this circumstance is
accidental, and those aesthetic objects which depend upon change
and are exhausted in time, as are all performances, are things the
enjoyment of which is an object of rivalry and is coveted as much
as any other pleasure. And even plastic beauties can often not be
enjoyed except by a few, on account of the necessity of travel or
other difficulties of access, and then this aesthetic enjoyment is as
selfishly pursued as the rest.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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