Celsus describes the exanthemata under the generic term pustulæ. His words are: “Earum plura genera sunt. Nam modo circa totum corpus partemve asperitudo quædam fit, similis iis pustulis, quæ ex urticâ, vel ex sudore nascuntur: ἐξανθήματα Græci vocant. Eæque modo rubent, modo colorem cutis non excedunt.” For pustules of all kinds he recommends exercise, restricted diet, and abstinence from all things of an acrid and attenuant nature, which regimen is likewise to be enforced upon the nurse, if the child be at the breast. If the patient be strong, he is also to be put into the hot bath, and rubbed with natron and a mixture of wine and oil. If this treatment does not succeed lentils are to be applied, especially if the pustules be large; and after the outer skin has been removed they are to be treated with gentle applications. Such is the plan of cure recommended by the great Roman authority. His directions respecting the diet are particularly important, and appear to be quite in accordance with the practice of the modern physicians, who recommend the _half-starving system_ in all such complaints. For red exanthemata the Pseudo-Dioscorides recommends ceruse with oil of bays and sulphur, pure bark with wax, &c. The exanthemata are described by the name of pustulæ parvæ in most of the translations of the Arabians. The exanthemata is, we think, the first species of _Serie_ described by Haly Abbas. For the opinions of Alsaharavius and Haly Abbas about the exanthemata of infancy, see Book i, 6. Dr. Willan thinks that the nettle-rash was comprehended under the term exanthemata. He is also of opinion that the _benat noctis_ of Avicenna is the nettle-rash. It would appear, however, that the _benat noctis_ was the same as the _sera_ or _epinyctis_. See Rhases (Cont. xxxvi, 2). The symptoms of it are said to be itching, roughness of the skin, and small eruptions attacking the patient during the night. Thucydides, Hippocrates, and Galen mention exanthemata as a common symptom of the plague. We may take the present occasion to mention that none of the Greek or Latin authorities has given any distinct account of _purpura_. Avicenna has briefly described it in its chronic form. (iv, 3, 1, 8). SECT. IX.—ON EPINYCTIDES.