Bubonium, has been described under Aster Atticus. Βούγλωσσον, Buglossum, _Bugloss_, is humid and hot in its temperament. Hence when added to wines it is said to produce hilarity. * * * * * COMMENTARY. The Borage, or _Anchusa Buglossum_, long held a place in the Materia Medica. From Dioscorides down to Boerhaave, it had the reputation of being a good cordial. See Dioscorides (iv, 126); Avicenna (ii, 2, 375.) We believe it is not met with in the works either of Hippocrates or Celsus. Βούνειον, Bunium (or Arctium), _Rape_; it is hot, diuretic, and emmenagogue; and the Pseudobunium in like manner. * * * * * COMMENTARY. We treated of this article, which, notwithstanding the disagreement of the commentators and herbalists, we are willing to believe to be the _Bunium Bulbocastanum_, or Earth-nut, as a culinary herb in the First Book. The pseudobunium may be the _Pimpinella tenuis_. Dioscorides represents it to be diuretic, calefacient, possessing powers to promote the lochial discharge, and useful in affections of the spleen, kidneys, and bladder (iv, 122.) Galen and the other authorities give the same account of it as our author. It long held a place in our modern Dispensatories. Βόυπρηστις, Buprestis, _Burncow_, is an insect resembling the Cantharis, and may therefore be prepared like it. * * * * * COMMENTARY. Whatever doubts others may have entertained respecting the _Buprestis_ of the ancients, we are well satisfied that it was the _Meloe vesicatoria_. We have treated fully of it as a poison in the Fifth Book § 31. Occasional mention of it is made in the Hipprocratic treatises. (De Mulieb. i, et alibi.) Βόυτυρον, Butyrum, _Butter_, is possessed of digestive and moderately discutient properties when applied to soft bodies; it is therefore of use for buboes and parotis; it attenuates the gums, more especially of children during the time of dentition, and in a linctus it concocts humours lodged in the chest. * * * * *