mere automaton, without dignity or moral quality, or even intellectual value.[B] I therefore conclude that while it is possible to conceive of Intelligence with its necessarily attendant consciousness as without volition, still, so far as we are acquainted with Intelligence, as manifested through men, volition--sometimes named soul-freedom or free-agency is a quality that within certain limitations, attends upon Intelligences and may be an inherent quality of Intelligence, a necessary attribute of its very essence, as much so as is consciousness itself. [Footnote A: Seventy's Second Year Book, Lesson I and IV.] [Footnote B: "Freedom and reason make us men, Take these away, what are we then? Mere animals, and just as well The beasts may think of heaven or hell." --"Latter-day Saints' Hymn Book," p. 263.] _8. Recapitulation:_ We have found, then, 1. That Intelligences are eternal--self-existing intelligent entities; 2. That they are called Intelligences because intelligence is their chief characteristic; 3. That being intelligent consciousness is in them a necessary quality; 4. That they are both self-conscious, and conscious of an external universe not self; 5. That Intelligences have the power to generalize--to rise from the contemplation of the particular to the general, from the individual to universal; 6. That Intelligences can perceive the existence of certain a priori principles that are incontrovertible--necessary truths--which form a basis of knowledge; 7. That Intelligences as known through men possess a power of imagination or imaginative memory by which they hold pictures of sense perceptions before the mind and may form from them new combinations of thought and consciousness; 8. That Intelligences have power to reason (ratiocination), to deliberate, to form judgments; 9. That Intelligences have volition, physical, mental and moral, within certain limitations--a power both to will and to do; in other words they are free, or free agents. It should be understood that these brief remarks respecting Intelligence and Intelligences are in no sense a treatise, even brief and cursory, on psychology; they are made merely to indicate some of the chief qualities that are inseparably connected with Intelligence and Intelligences so that when the words are used in this treatise, some definite idea may be had as to what is meant. LESSON II. (Scripture Reading Exercise.) ETERNITY OF INTELLIGENCES. ANALYSIS. I. Eternal Existence of the Word--the Christ. II. Eternal Existence of All Intelligences. III. Proofs of Eternity. 1. Book of Abraham. 2. Joseph Smith's Writings. IV. Of Words Used Interchangeably. REFERENCES. Doc. & Cov., Sec. 93; Seventy's Year Book II, Lesson i and iv; Book of Abraham, Ch. iii; Joseph Smith, "King Follett's Sermon," Improvement Era, Jan. 1909; Art. "Immortality," Ibid., April, 1907.