The enclosed garden is ancient indeed. O garden enclosed--a garden of living waters And flowing streams from Lebanon: Awake O North Wind; and come thou South; Blow upon my garden that the spices may thereof flow out! So sang the esthetic Solomon. A garden enclosed, a garden of living waters, a garden of perfumes--these are the motives of the Indian gardens of the luxurious Mogul emperors, whose reigns coincide with Tudor times. Symbolism played an important part in Indian gardens. The beautiful garden of Babar (near Kabul) was called the Bagh-i-vafa--"The Garden of Fidelity." This has many points in common with the illustration of the "Romaunt of the Rose," particularly the high walls. There is also great similarity with the gardens of Elizabethan days. The "pleached allies" and "knots" of the English gardens of Shakespeare's time find equivalents in the vine pergolas and geometrical parterres of the Mogul emperors; and the central platform of the Mogul gardens answered the same purpose as the banqueting-hall on the mound, which decorated nearly every English nobleman's garden. IV _Bagh-i-vafa_ Babar's "Garden of Fidelity" was made in the year 1508. We see Babar personally superintending the laying out of the "four-field plot." Two gardeners hold the measuring line and the architect stands by with his plan. The square enclosure at the bottom of the garden (right) is the tank. The whole is bordered with orange and pomegranate trees. An embassy knocks at the gate, but Babar is too absorbed in his gardening to pay any attention to the guests. Fifteen years later Babar stole three days away from his campaign against the Afghans and visited his beautiful garden. "Next morning," he wrote in his "Memoirs," "I reached Bagh-i-vafa. It was the season when the garden was in all its glory. Its grass-plots were all covered with clover; its pomegranate trees were entirely of a beautiful yellow color. It was then the pomegranate season and pomegranates were hanging red on the trees. The orange-trees were green and cheerful, loaded with innumerable oranges; but the best oranges were not yet ripe. I never was so much pleased with the 'Garden of Fidelity' as on this occasion." [Illustration: BABAR'S "GARDEN OF FIDELITY"]