African Americans; United States -- Race relations
which should have been saved for the coming of the Lord.
At first Sherman’s army was quite pleased, and encouraged the emotion
of the freed men. But it got to be too much for the Yankee soldiers,
who felt at last that the Blacks were overdoing it and that in any
case they were a nuisance. The nearer they got to Savannah the more
impatient did they become. At last they began to destroy bridges
between themselves and the Negroes, and put rivers between them. Then,
after leaving Millen for the pine forests of the Savannah shore, they
deliberately destroyed the bridge over Ebenezer Creek. There was a wild
panic, a stampede, and many, it is said, were drowned in the stream.
The splendor of the army went by, the brass bands, the cheering and
the singing of the soldiers and the standard bearers of the North in
the midst of them, the wagons, the many wagons laden with spoil, and
the droves of cattle. But for Georgia and the Negro there set in the
twilight of ruin and disillusion.
Rural Georgia is not very much better off to-day than it was in slavery
days. The large tracts of land which the Blacks thought would be given
them they neither could nor would farm. They lacked experience and
initiative. They could be too easily deceived by their white neighbors,
and were too subservient to their erstwhile masters to make good in the
race of human individuals striving one against another.
“No Negroes own land hereabout,” said some Negro renters to me between
Shady Dale and Eatonton. “They did, but got into debt and lost it.
We rent a thirty-acre farm and pay two bales of cotton rent.” At the
current price of cotton, 38 cents a pound, that amounted to 380 dollars
in American currency, or 95 pounds in British currency, but the tenants
paid in cotton, and as cotton boomed their rents advanced.
It seemed to be everywhere customary to reckon rent in cotton bales,
and it is easy to see what an economic serf the Negro can become under
such terms. This system, known as “truck” in England, was long since
abolished, but its evils were so notorious that truck has remained
a proverbial expression for chicane—hence the phrase “to have no
truck with it.” The Negro is better off as a laborer on a white man’s
plantation than he is when having the responsibility of picking a crop
for master before he picks one for himself.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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