Belgrano, Manuel, Creole leader, 89, 93; expeditions to Paraguay, 91, 92, 188-190; expedition to Tucuman, 93, 94, 96; invasion of Bolivia, 97; commission to Spain, 104; in Uruguay, 253 Beresford, General, 83 Blancos, 126, 129, 266, 272 _et seq._ _Blandenques_, 248 Bohorquez. _See_ Huallpa Inca. Bolivar, Simon, 101, 111, 112 Bolivia (Upper Peru), irrigation in, 14; silver in, 16, 22, 78, 233; division of, 75; gold in, 78; inhabitants of, 80; resists revolutionary movement, 91; Spanish power in, 100; Rondeau's effort to conquer, 104; route to, 315 Bom Jesus stockade, 354, 355 Bonaparte, Joseph, 87, 251 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 86, 89, 402 Bonifacio de Andrada, Jose, and independence of Brazil, 416, 421; made prime minister, 418; letters to Pedro, 419; and brothers, 423, 432, 439, 446, 449 Borda, Juan Idiarte, 280, 281 Botacudo (Aymore) Indians, 300, 321 Boundary questions, between Spain and Portugal, 66-68, 72, 77, 172, 181, 233, 239, 244, 245, 342, 372, 376, 387; between Argentina and Chile, 156, 158; between Brazil and Paraguay, 203, 208; between Paraguay and Brazil and Argentina, 222; of Brazil, 407, 468 Brazil, 287-512; settlement of, 23, 316, 318, 319, 321, 323, 336, 342, 372-374, 387, 397; war with Argentina, 120, 129, 260, 427, 428, 462; war with Uruguay, 120, 209, 256, 260, 470; war with Paraguay, 141, 142, 206-219, 276, 471; area of, 305, 309, 310, 313, 314; climate, 305, 308-313; rainfall in, 306, 309-313; population, 310, 314, 336, 347, 374, 397, 405, 480, 511; Spanish possession of, 342; efforts to establish republic in, 381, 399, 409, 476, 479, 482, 488, 492, 495; independence of, 416, 417, 419, 426, 427; Constituent Assembly of, 419, 422, 423; constitution of, 422-424, 439, 444, 500; Congress of, 427, 430, 432, 440, 443, 447, 449, 451, 464, 466, 475, 486, 500, 507; regency in, 436 _et seq._; hegemony of, 463, 468, 476; republic established in, 497, 503, 506 Brazil-wood, 302-304, 317, 321, 322 Brazilian Creoles, at war with Spanish Creoles, 66, 68, 105, 240, 242, 245, 248, 254, 256, 382, 388, 389, 408 Brazilian states, power of governors of, 507 Brazilians, character and habits, 294, 318, 319, 323, 339, 359, 368, 376, 396, 399, 406, 407, 459, 460, 464, 467, 479, 492, 512 Brown, William, Admiral, 103, 120, 255, 261, 428 Buenos Aires (city), founded, 24, 25, 30-32, 168; foreign commerce forbidden to, 50; smuggling, 60; prosperity, 72; commercial centre, 75, 78; captured by the British, 83; captured by the Argentine Creoles, 84; battle of, 85; hegemony of, 90, 103; blockades of, 120, 125, 132, 262, 269, 270; detached from province, 148