Rosas, Juan Manuel, laudation of, 114; federalist leader in Buenos Aires, 122 _et seq._, 266; growth of his power, 200; and Montevideo, 268; relations with Entre Rios, 270; and Oribe faction, 461 Rubber, 490, 501, 511 S Sabara, 378, 391 Saldanha Marinho, 482 Salta, province of Argentina, 15; intendencia, 75; social conditions in, 80; Buenos Airean army passes through, 91; warfare in, 94; rebellion in, 155 San Ildefonso, treaty of, 246, 389 San John d'El Rei, 400 San Juan, 15, 40, 64, 137 San Luiz, 64, 155 San Martin, Jose, General, 77, 96-114 Santa Catharina, 19, 26; captured by Spain, 77, 246; description of, 313; exploration of, 316; Brazilian possession of, 377; settlement of, 386, 397; captured by the Spaniards, 389; restored to Portugal, 390; invasion of, 446, 504, 506; seat of revolutionary government, 504 Santa Fe, Argentina (city), Spanish settlement of, 29; desire of, for independence, 116; founded, 168 Santa Fe, Argentina (province), governor of, sent Indians and supplies to Buenos Aires, 31; Indians in, 63, 130; a part of intendencia of Buenos Aires, 75; invasion of, 121; Brazilian army in, 129; Congress held in, 131; revolution in, 155; Creoles of, defeat Charruas, 242; loyal to Artigas, 255 Santa Luzia, battle of, 453 Santa Rita Durao (poet), 399 Santiago de Chile, 42, 51, 107 Santiago del Estero (Argentina), 14, 15, 63, 121, 154 Santo Amaro, 319 Santos, 51, 316, 318 Sao Francisco River, the, why so named, 302; valley of, 310, 311; Pernambucos on, 344; military raids near, 357; cattle-raisers established on, 372; gold around headwaters of, 378 Sao Paulo (city), menaced by Indians, 333; prosperity of, 501, the home of Rodrigues Alvez, 511 Sao Paulo (province), opposition to the extension of Spanish dominions, 66; Jesuits in, 169, 328, 330, 347, 374; description of, 313; conditions of, for settlement, 318; nucleus of settlement of Brazil, 320; inhabitants of, 322; spread of Indians in, 332; not a sugar-raising province, 338; profits by secret trade, 373; gold in, 378; depopulated, 393; an Englishman in, 407; revolution in, 453; representation of, in Chamber of Brazil, 488; coffee in, 489 Sao Vicente, 23, 318 Saraiva, Aparcicio, 280 Saraiva, Gomercindo, 503, 504 Saraiva, Jose Antonio, 486, 488 Sarandi, battle of, 120, 260, 427 Schouten, 48 Sea-power, of England, 82, 269, 366; of Spain, 93, 103, 111, 255; of France, 269; of Brazil, 426, 462; of Argentina, 428 Sergipe, 310, 343, 344, 357 Seville Junta, 88, 251 Sheep-raising, 131, 148, 278 Silver mining, in Bolivia and Peru, 16, 22, 78, 233; Spain's desire for, 49; value of, 50 Sipe-Sipe, battle of, 104