Cali (city), 408, 409, 432 Cali (province), part of presidency of Quito, 420 Calivio, battle of, 433 Callao, engulfed by tidal wave, 71; Peruvian fleet at, 104; Spanish fleet at, 112, 184, 186 Callao Castle, 80, 84, 97, 321 Caluchima, 296 Camano, Jose, President of Ecuador, 339 Camargo, patriot leader, 258, 260 Campero, Narcisco, President of Bolivia, 278 Canan (province), 288, 291, 296, 298 Canaris, the, Indian tribe, 14, 16, 17, 296, 297 Candamo, Senor, President of Peru, 131 Cancha-Rayada, battle at, 176-178 Canete (city), founded, 143, 144; besieged, 145, 146 Canete, Marquis of, the "good viceroy," 57, 58. _See_ Mendoza Canizaries, Dona Manuela, 313 Canseco, General, President of Peru, 113 Canterac, Spanish commander, 85, 89, 93, 96, 97 Canto, Colonel, 223, 224 Cape Codera, 351 Cape Gracias a Dios, 403, 404, 405 Cape Horn, 69, 152, 209, 235 Cape San Roman, 347 Captaincies-General, 67, 71, 148, 355, 356, 419, 426 Carabobo, battle of, 86, 317, 381, 443 Caracas (city), revolutionary junta in, 76, 361; founded, 350; sacked, 351, 354; made a captaincy-general, 356, 392, 426; destroyed by earthquake, 363; Bolivar's birthplace, 382, 386, 387; under jurisdiction of Bogota, 426; revolution in, 447 Caracoles, silver mines of, 208 Cara Indians, the, confederacy of, 11, 12, 16, 288, 289; invade Ecuador, 11, 286, 287; conquered by Incas, 11-14, 288-296 Caranquis, the Indian tribe, 13, 293, 294 Caras, description of, 286-290, 293, 412; staple articles of food of, 290, 303; conquered by Spanish, 299 Carbojal, Spanish commander, 53, 56 Caribbean Sea, 70, 71, 348, 405, 406, 414, 470 Carib Indians, the, 268, 290, 413 Carrasco, Captain-General of Chile, 159-161 Carrera, Jose, creole leader, 162, 164, 166, 167, 173, 182 Carrera, Juan, 162, 173, 181, 182 Carrera, Luiz, 162, 173, 181, 182 Carrillo, 126 Cartagena (city), revolutionary junta in, 366, 431; Bolivar takes service with, 366, 433; besieged, 380, 381, 429, 435-437, 480; oldest fortress in America, 406-409, 428, 436, 442; surrender of, 443 Cartagena (province), 417, 419, 420, 431, 432 Cartago (city), 408, 409; Carujo, Venezuelan revolutionist, 389 Casanare (province), 424 Casanare River, the, 376, 377, 437; plains of, 406, 440 Cassava, 66 Castilla, Don Ramon, President of Peru, 106-110, 112, 274; character and ability of, 108; death of, 113 Castilla, Don Ruiz de, President of Quito, 312, 314 Castilla, Marshal, 118; Castro (city), 151 Castro, President of Venezuela, 396, 398, 399 Castro, Vala de, Governor of Peru, 46, 49, 50, 52, 300 Cattle, introduced into South America, 66, 151, 352 Cattle-raising in Bolivia, 243, 261; in Colombia, 421; in Venezuela, 354, 355, 390, 395