Heredia founds Cartagena, 406, 408 Herran, General, President of New Granada, 454, 455, 458 Herrera, General, 103, 485 Hides, exportation of, 354, 428 Honda (city), 420 Honduras, 403 Horses, 20, 27, 39, 66, 243, 261 Huacho, San Martin lands at, 81 Huaina Capac, Inca emperor, campaign of, 12; conquest of Quito by, 12-14, 18, 292-294, 308; death of, 14, 295 Hualcopo, Cara shiri, 290-292, 295 Huanacabamba (province), 288 Huanca, Auqui, 17 Huanchaca, mines of, 278 Huaqui, battle of, 170, 256, 257 Huascar, Inca empire divided between Atahuallpa and, 14; fratricidal war between Atahuallpa and, 16-19, 238, 295, 296; execution of, 31 _Huascar_, the, 119-121, 212 Humachiri, battle of, 259 "Husares de la Muerte," cavalry corps, 182 I Ibague (city), 416 Ibarra, 287, 293 Iglesias, President of Chile, 126, 127 Immigrants, into Peru, 111, 149; into Chile, 156, 203; into Ecuador, 307 Imperial (city), founded, 140; besieged, 142, 145, 146 Inca Indians, the, home of, 3, 4; civilisation of, 3, 24, 25, 236, 290, 412; migration of, 4 Incas, language of, 4, 10, 13; religion of, 5, 13; social and industrial organisation of, 5, 6, 10, 59, 249, 289, 295; capital of, 5, 12, 18, 19, 32-35, etc.; emperors of, 5, 6, 8-10, 12, 14, 16, 28-32, 34-38, 40, 61, 62; death of last emperor of, 63; conquests of, 6, 8-19, 236, 288 _et seq._; irrigation system of, 6, 10, 25, 59; empire of, 8, 9, 11, 13, 22, 292-294; military roads built by, 9, 10, 12, 28, 29, 38, 59, 239, 244, 251, 307; armies of, 11, 18, 19, etc., 237; Spanish conquest of, 20-40, 297; population of, 25, 65, 244, 303; reduced to slavery, 38, etc., 242-244, 348; cities built by, 20, 38, 44, 59, 60, 240 _Independencia_, the, 119, 212 Indians of South America, the, early civilisation of, 3, 4, 236, 286, 289, 410, 412; various tribes of, 3, 5, 8-14, 23, 59, 135, 238, 245, 286-289, 292, 293, 350, 405, 410, 413; language of, 4, 9, 10, 11, 136, 238, 306; characteristics of, 24, 25, 77, 136, 249, 252, 253, 289, 303, 307, 421, 422; conquered by Spanish, 24, 25, 27-40; oppression and slavery of, 38, 58, 59, 63-65, 68, 69, 242-244, 253, 254, 348, 406, 416, 422, 425-428; rebellions of, 38-40, 72, 77, 251, 253, 254, 258, 259; Spanish legislation in behalf of, 57, 243, 254, 417; impressment of, 64, 69, 242, 253, 416, 425; missions established among, 151, 244, 250, 306, 352 Indigo, 303 Inquisition established, in Peru, 69; in Colombia, 437 Ipecacuanha, Europe indebted to Peru for, 66 Iquique, Peruvian port, 119, 122 Iquitos (city), 114 Irish mercenaries in Bolivar's army, 376, 380 Irrigation in South America, 6, 10, 25, 59, 135 J Jauja (city), 54, 60, 84, 89, 92-94 Jauja, valley of the, 9, 18, 33, 35, 36, 39, 44, 49 Jemappes, battle of, 359