BALSAS ON LAKE TITICACA 259 LOADED LLAMAS 279 ECUADOR INDIANS 302 CHURCH OF SANTO DOMINGO AT GUAYAQUIL 305 GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR 325 COSTUMES OF NATIVES NEAR QUITO 327 ECUADOR PEON'S HOUSE 332 PRINCIPAL STREET IN GUAYAQUIL 340 ANCIENT INDIAN ROCK FOR GRINDING MAIZE 358 THE PASS OF ANGOSTURA, BOLIVAR CITY 373 ROAD NEAR MACUTO 379 ENTRANCE OF PUERTO CABELLO IN 1870 386 VENEZUELAN SOLDIER OF 1870 393 VENEZUELAN GUERILLAS 397 MAP OF ECUADOR, COLOMBIA, AND VENEZUELA _Facing_ 398 OLDEST FORTRESS IN AMERICA, AT CARTHAGENA 407 TRAVELLERS DESCENDING A MOUNTAIN ROAD 411 NATIVE BOATS, MAGDALENA RIVER 415 THE NATURAL BRIDGE AT GUARANDA 421 FALLS OF TEQUENDAMA 423 NATIVE HOUSES IN COLOMBIA 427 ROPE BRIDGE OVER THE MAGDALENA RIVER 434 THE HOME OF BOLIVAR 440 PANAMA FROM THE BAY 445 SCENE IN THE ANDES, EN ROUTE TO BOGOTA 449 CATHEDRAL, PANAMA 453 CROSSING THE MOUNTAINS IN 1850 456 TYPES OF COLOMBIAN NATIVES 459 POST-OFFICE AT BOGOTA 463 RAFAEL NUNEZ, PRESIDENT OF COLOMBIA IN 1879-1883, 1885-1891 467 VIEW OF PANAMA 477 STEAMERS ON THE MAGDALENA RIVER 479 NATIVE VILLAGE ON THE PANAMA RAILWAY 483 MAP OF SOUTH AMERICA SHOWING PROGRESS OF THE MOVEMENT FOR INDEPENDENCE _At End_ PERU CHAPTER I THE INCA EMPIRE