The Splash of a DropWorthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason)
Science
The Splash of a Drop
Worthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason)
Splashes
Such are the main features of the Natural History of Splashes, as I made
it out between thirteen and eighteen years ago. Before passing on to the
photographs that I have since obtained, I desire to add a few words of
comment. I have not till now alluded to any imperfections in the timing
apparatus. But no apparatus of the kind can be absolutely perfect, and,
as a matter of fact, when everything is adjusted so as to display a
particular stage, it will happen that in a succession of observations
there is a certain variation in what is seen. Thus the configuration
viewed may be said to oscillate slightly about the mean for which the
apparatus is adjusted. Now this is due both to small imperfections in
the timing apparatus and to the fact that the splashes themselves do
actually vary within certain limits. The reasons are not very far to
seek. In the first place the rate of demagnetization of the
electro-magnets varies slightly, being partly dependent on the varying
resistance of the contacts of crossed wires, partly on the temperature
of the magnet, which is affected by the length of time for which the
current has been running. But a much more important reason is the
variation of the slight adhesion of the drop to the smoked watch-glass
that has supported it, and consequently of the oscillations to which, as
we shall see, the drop is subjected as it descends. Thus the drop will
sometimes strike the surface in a flattened form, at others in an
elongated form, and there will be a difference, not only in the time of
impact, but in the nature of the ensuing splash; consequently some
judgment is required in selecting a consecutive series of drawings. The
only way is to make a considerable number of drawings of each stage, and
then to pick out a consecutive series. Now, whenever judgment has to be
used, there is room for error of judgment, and moreover, it is
impossible to put together the drawings so as to tell a consecutive
story, without being guided by some theory, such as I have already
sketched, as to the nature of the motion and the conditions that govern
it. You will therefore be good enough to remember that this chronicle of
the events of a tenth of a second is not a mechanical record but is
presented by a fallible human historian, whose account, like that of
any other contemporary observer, will be none the worse for independent
confirmation. That confirmation is fortunately obtainable. In an attempt
made eighteen years ago to photograph the splash of a drop of mercury, I
was unable to procure plates sufficiently sensitive to respond to the
very short exposures that were required, and consequently abandoned the
endeavour. But in recent years plates of exquisite sensitiveness have
been produced, and such photographs as those taken by Mr. Boys of a
flying rifle bullet have shown that difficulties on the score of
sensitiveness have been practically overcome. Within the last few weeks,
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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