The Splash of a DropWorthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason)
Science
The Splash of a Drop
Worthington, A. M. (Arthur Mason)
Splashes
with the valuable assistance of my colleague at Devonport, Mr. R.S.
Cole, I have succeeded in obtaining photographs of various splashes.
Following Prof. Boys' suggestion, we employed Thomas's cyclist plates,
or occasionally the less sensitive "extra-rapid" plates of the same
makers, and as a developer, Eikonogen solution of triple strength, in
which the plates were kept for about 40 minutes, the development being
conducted in complete darkness.
A few preliminary trials with the self-induction spark produced at the
surface of mercury by the apparatus that you have seen at work, showed
that the illumination, though ample for direct vision, was not
sufficient for photography. When the current strength was increased, so
as to make the illumination bright enough for the camera, then the spark
became of too great duration, for it lasted for between 4 and 5
thousandths of a second, within which time there was very perceptible
motion of the drop and consequent blurring. It was therefore necessary
to modify the apparatus so as to employ a Leyden-jar spark whose
duration was probably less than 10-millionths of a second. A very
slight change in the apparatus rendered it suitable for the new
conditions, but time does not permit me to describe the arrangements in
detail. It is, however, less necessary to do so as the method is in all
essentials the same as that described in this room two years ago by Lord
Rayleigh in connection with the photography of a breaking soap-film.[4]
I therefore pass at once to the photographs themselves.
The first two series (X. and XI.) may be described as shadow
photographs; they were obtained by allowing a drop of mercury to fall on
to the naked photographic plate itself, the illuminating spark being
produced vertically above it, and they give only a horizontal section of
the drop in various stages, revealing the form of the outline of the
part in contact with the plate, but of course telling nothing about the
shape of the parts above. The first series corresponds to a mercury
splash very similar to that first described, and the second to the
splash of a larger drop such as was not described. In each series, the
tearing of the thin central film to which allusion was made is well
illustrated. I think the first comment that any one would make is that
the photographs, while they bear out the drawings in many details, show
greater irregularity than the drawings would have led one to expect. On
this point I shall presently have something to say.
SERIES X.
(1) _Instantaneous Shadow Photographs (life size) of the Splash of a
Drop of Mercury falling 8 cm. on to the Photographic Plate._
[Illustration: 1
Actual size of the Drop, 4.83 mm.]
[Illustration: 2
[Tau] = 0]
[Illustration: 3]
[Illustration: 4]
[Illustration: 5]
[Illustration: 6]
[Illustration: 7
[Tau] = .048 sec.]
SERIES XI.
(2) _Instantaneous Shadow Photographs (life size) of the Splash of a
Drop of Mercury falling 15 cm. on to Glass._
[Illustration: 1
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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