[Illustration: The Dayton hand pumper shown in an old photograph above, Niagara No. 1, once held the United States record for the highest “throw” of water. On August 5, 1858, at the canal at Library Park it sent a one-inch stream of water through 600 feet of hose and 205 feet into the air. The engine, built in Rhode Island, was an “end-stroke” type. Its suction hose did away with the need to fill the reservoir with buckets, provided a water source was available.] In 1830 another small engine was purchased by Dayton for $300 and a second volunteer fire company of thirty-two men was organized. But the often-singed Daytonians apparently were still not satisfied with the protection offered. Acting on “a very large and respectable petition of the citizens for a good engine for the use of the town,” the Council authorized purchase of a bigger machine. Called the “Independent,” the new pumper had two sets of handles, called brakes, and was manned by twenty volunteers on each side. Pumping it was back-breaking work, necessitating “spelling” of the volunteers from time to time, but results were much improved. To house the Independent, the city erected a building at Third and Main Streets, which became headquarters for the new company of 100 volunteers which was formed to handle the engine. It was about this time that reliance on nearby wells or the Miami-Erie Canal as sources of water was abandoned. Cisterns were built at First and Main, Third and Main and Fifth and Main for use of the fire-fighters. The first successful fire hydrant had been developed about 1820, but was not adopted in Dayton until many years later. From a wooden plug inserted to stop up the opening in the early hydrants, the term fireplug originated. [Illustration: Shown above is a famous New York hand pumper, the “Old Maid.” One of the most powerful and ornate engines of its day, this “musheen” even had a keg for spirituous liquors attached to the tongue. When their water supply was distant, firemen often pumped water from one engine to the next. Rival companies then tried to “wash” the engine ahead by overflowing its reservoir. A “washed” engine was said to be no longer a maiden. The “Old Maid” received its unusual name because for a long time no rival engine managed to “wash” it.] [Illustration: Called “Mankiller” because it was difficult to pump, this engine was one of the most powerful hand-operated machines ever built. It reportedly could throw a stream of water higher and farther than many steam fire engines built years later. This type of hand pumper was known as a “haywagon” because of its rack-like brakes.]