The stereoscope : $b its history, theory, and construction, with its application to the fine and useful arts and to educationBrewster, David
History
The stereoscope : $b its history, theory, and construction, with its application to the fine and useful arts and to education
Brewster, David
Stereoscope
Let us first suppose that we look with both eyes, R and L, Fig. 7, upon
a luminous point, D, which we see single, though there is a picture
of it on the retina of each eye. In looking at the point D we turn or
converge the optical axes _d_HD, _d′_H′ D, of each eye to the point D,
an image of which is formed at _d_ in the right eye R, and at _d′_ in
the left eye L. In virtue of the law of visible direction the point
D is seen in the direction _d_D with the eye R, and in the direction
_d′_D with the eye L, these lines being perpendicular to the retina
at the points _d_, _d′_. The one image of the point D is therefore
seen lying upon the other, and consequently seen single. Considering
D, then, as a single point of a visible object AB, the two eyes will
see the points A and B single by the same process of turning or
converging upon them their optical axes, and so quickly does the point
of convergence pass backward and forward over the whole object, that
it appears single, though in reality only one point of it can be seen
single at the same instant. The whole picture of the line AB, as seen
with one eye, _seems_ to coincide with the whole picture of it as seen
with the _other_, and to appear single. The same is true of a surface
or area, and also of a solid body or a landscape. Only one point of
each is seen single; but we do not observe that other points are
double or indistinct, because the images of them are upon parts of the
retina which do not give distinct vision, owing to their distance from
the _foramen_ or point which gives distinct vision. Hence we see the
reason why distinct vision is obtained only on one point of the retina.
Were it otherwise we should see every other point double when we look
fixedly upon one part of an object. If in place of _two_ eyes we had
a _hundred_, capable of converging their optical axes to one point,
we should, in virtue of the law of visible direction, see only _one_
object.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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