This process of passing tickets is greatly facilitated by the operation
of the Settlement Department or Clearing House. It is not every member
of the Stock Exchange who belongs to the Clearing House, nor is it every
security that enjoys the benefit of its operations. But in cases where
it can be used, this is the process. On Contango day each member
prepares a "clearing sheet" for each security in which he has dealt.
This sheet may, of course, show many sales and many purchases, each to
or from a different member, but all that the member who has prepared the
sheet has to concern himself about--in so far as the securities are
concerned, and it should be noted that the Clearing House only clears
securities, not money--is the delivery or receipt of the difference
between his sales and his purchases; the Clearing House does the rest.
If, for instance, a member's sheet shows that he has bought a total of
£6,000 of a certain stock, no matter in how many different bargains with
different members, and has sold £5,000; then, instead of a separate
ticket having to pass through his hands for each separate bargain, the
Clearing House discovers from the other sheets some member who has sold
£1,000 more than he has bought of the particular stock in question. The
passing of the stock is then adjusted by bringing these two members
together. The way in which all bargains which come within the Clearing
House are cleared off can be easily grasped when it is recognised that
for every bargain there are both a buyer and a seller. But the Clearing
House has nothing to do with the adjustment of the different prices at
which securities are bought and sold. In fact, all bargains dealt with
by the Clearing House are passed through the accounts at a fixed price,
the "making-up price," and the securities have to be paid for at that
price. The settlement of differences has to be arranged in the accounts
between member and member, and this brings us to the business of the
last day of the settlement, Pay day, the real day of settlement.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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