The Story of a Loaf of BreadWood, T. B. (Thomas Barlow)
Science
The Story of a Loaf of Bread
Wood, T. B. (Thomas Barlow)
Bread; Wheat
These are by no means all the handicaps of the farmer who would market
his corn to the best advantage. Even the man who is blessed with plenty
of ready money, and can abide his own time for selling his wheat, is
hampered by the cumbrous weights and measures in use in this country,
and above all by their lack of uniformity. In East Anglia wheat is sold
by the coomb of four bushels. By common acceptance however the coomb
has ceased to be four measured bushels, and is always taken to mean 18
stones or 2¼ cwt. This custom is based on the fact that a bushel of
wheat weighs on the average 63 pounds, and four times 63 pounds makes
18 stones. But this custom is quite local. In other districts the unit
of measure for the sale of wheat is the load, which in Yorkshire means
three bushels, in Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire 40 bushels, and in
parts of Lancashire 144 quarts. Another unit is the boll, which varies
from three bushels in the Durham district to six bushels at Berwick.
It will be noted that most of the common units are multiples of the
bushel, and it might be imagined that this would make their mutual
relations easy to calculate. This however is not so, for in some cases
it is still customary to regard a bushel as a measure of volume and to
disregard the variation in weight. In other cases the bushel, as in
East Anglia, means so many pounds, but unfortunately not always the
same number. Thus the East Anglian bushel is 63 pounds, the London
bushel on Mark Lane Market is the same, the Birmingham bushel is only
62 pounds, the Liverpool and Manchester bushel 70 pounds, the Salop
bushel 75 pounds, and in South Wales the bushel is 80 pounds. Finally,
wheat is sold in Ireland by the barrel of 280 pounds, on Mark Lane by
the quarter of eight bushels of 63 pounds, imported wheat in Liverpool
and Manchester by the cental of 100 pounds, and the official market
returns issued by the Board of Agriculture are made in bushels of 60
pounds. There is, however, a growing tendency to adopt throughout the
country the 63 pound bushel or some multiple thereof, for example the
coomb or quarter, as the general unit, and the use of the old-fashioned
measures is fast disappearing.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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