The Story of a Loaf of BreadWood, T. B. (Thomas Barlow)
Science
The Story of a Loaf of Bread
Wood, T. B. (Thomas Barlow)
Bread; Wheat
The farmer of course knows the weights and measures in use in his own
and neighbouring markets, but unless he takes the trouble to look
up in a book of reference the unit by which wheat is sold at other
markets, and to make a calculation from that unit into the unit in
which he is accustomed to sell, the market quotations in the newspapers
are of little use to him in enabling him to follow the fluctuations
of the price of wheat. Thus a Norfolk farmer who wishes to interpret
the information that the price of the grade of wheat known as No. 4
Manitoba on the Liverpool market is 7/3½, must first ascertain that
wheat is sold at Liverpool by the cental of 100 pounds. To convert
the Liverpool price into price per coomb, the unit in which he is
accustomed to sell, he must multiply the price per cental by 252, the
number of pounds in a coomb of wheat, and divide the result by 100, the
number of pounds in a cental; thus:
7/3½ x 252 ÷ 100 = 18/4½.
It is evident that the farmer who wishes to follow wheat prices in
order to catch the best market for his wheat, must acquaint himself
with an extremely complicated system of weights and measures, and
continually make troublesome calculations. The average English farmer
is an excellent craftsman. He is unsurpassed, indeed one may safely say
unequalled, as a cultivator of the land, as a grower of crops, and as
a breeder and feeder of stock, but like most people who lead open-air
lives, he is not addicted to spending his evenings in arithmetical
calculations. The corn merchant, whose business it is to attend to
such matters, is therefore at a distinct advantage, and the farmer
loses the benefit of a rise in the market until the information slowly
filters through to him. No doubt the time will come, when not only
wheat selling, but all business in this country, will be simplified by
the compulsory enactment of sale by uniform weight. The change from
the present haphazard system or want of system would no doubt cause
considerable temporary dislocation of business, and would abolish many
ancient weights and measures, interesting to the historian and the
archaeologist in their relations to ancient customs, but in the long
run it could not but expedite business, and remove one of the many
handicaps attaching to the isolated position of the farmer.
Having sold his wheat the farmer now puts it up in sacks of the
standard of weight or measure prevailing in his district. If the
merchant who bought it happens to be also a miller, as is frequently
the case, the wheat is delivered to the mill. Otherwise it is sent
to the railway station to the order of the merchant who bought
it. Meantime the merchant has probably sold it to a miller in a
neighbouring large town, to whom he directs the railway company to
forward it. Thus the wheat directly or indirectly finds its way to a
mill, where it will be mixed with other wheats and ground into flour.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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