The Story of EclipsesChambers, George F. (George Frederick)
History
The Story of Eclipses
Chambers, George F. (George Frederick)
Eclipses
[Illustration: FIG. 11.—CORONA OF 1867. (SUN-SPOT MINIMUM.)]
This generalisation is well borne out by the maximum-epoch Coronas of
1870 and 1871, and the minimum-epoch Coronas of 1867, 1874, 1875, 1878,
and perhaps 1887, and certainly 1889. On the other hand, the eclipses of
1883, 1885 and 1886 do not strikingly confirm this theory. The eclipse
of 1883 was at a time of rapidly decreasing solar activity, yet the
Corona had the features of a Sun-spot maximum. The same, though in a
somewhat less degree, may be said of the eclipses of 1885 and 1886. At
the times of both of these eclipses the solar activity was decreasing.
The forthcoming eclipse of 1900 will nearly coincide with a Sun-spot
minimum, and if the above conclusions are well founded the Corona in
1900 should resemble that of 1889, and be characterised by, amongst
other things, some very elongated groups of rays extending in nearly
opposite directions.
We are still a long way off from being able to state with perfect
confidence what the Corona is. It is certainly a complex phenomenon, and
the various streamers which we see are not, as was at one time imagined,
a simple manifestation of one radiant light. Mrs. Todd thus conveniently
summarises the present state of our knowledge:—“The true corona appears
to be a triple phenomenon. First, there are the polar rays, nearly
straight throughout their visible extent. Gradually, as these rays start
out from points on the solar disc farther and farther removed from the
poles, they acquire increasing curvature, and very probably extend into
the equatorial regions, but are with great difficulty traceable there,
because projected upon and confused with the filaments having their
origin remote from the poles. Then there is the inner equatorial corona,
apparently connected intimately with truly solar phenomena, quite like
the polar rays; while the third element in the composite is the outer
equatorial corona, made up of the long ecliptic streamers, for the most
part visible only to the naked eye, also existing as a solar appendage,
and possibly merging into the zodiacal light. The total eclipses of a
half century have cleared up a few obscurities, and added many
perplexities. There is little or no doubt about the substantial, if not
entire, reality of the corona as a truly solar phenomenon. The Moon, if
it has anything at all to do with the corona, aside from the fact of its
coming in conveniently between Sun and Earth, so as to allow a brief
glimpse of something startlingly beautiful which otherwise could never
have been known, is probably responsible for only a very narrow ring of
the inner radiance of pretty even breadth all round. This diffraction
effect is accepted; but the problem still remains how wide this annulus
may be, and whether it may vary in width from one eclipse to another.
These questions once settled, the spurious structure may then be
excerpted from the true. Indeed the coronal streamers, delicately
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