The Story of EclipsesChambers, George F. (George Frederick)
History
The Story of Eclipses
Chambers, George F. (George Frederick)
Eclipses
The eclipse of May 17, 1882, yielded several interesting and important
features although the totality was short—only about 1¼ minutes. Here
again favourable local circumstances helped astronomers in more ways
than one. It was in Egypt that the eclipse was visible, and Egypt is a
country which it is exceedingly easy for travellers to reach, and it is
also noted for its clear skies. These were doubtless two of the reasons
which combined to inspire the elaborate preparations which were made for
photographic and spectroscopic observations. The former resulted in a
very unprecedented success. One of Dr. Schuster’s photographs of the
totality showed not only the expected Corona, but an unexpected comet.
Though on more than one previous occasion in history the darkness which
is a special accompaniment of a total eclipse had caused a comet to be
seen, yet the 1882 eclipse was the first at which a comet had thrust
itself upon the notice of astronomers by means of a photographic plate.
It will be remembered that the political circumstances of Egypt in 1882
were of a somewhat strained character and probably this contributed to
the development of an unusual amount of astronomical competition in
connection with this eclipse. Not only did the Egyptian Government grant
special facilities, but strong parties went out representing England,
France, and Italy, although not perhaps in set terms at the direct
instigation of their respective Governments.
The next eclipse, that of May 6, 1883, had some dramatic features about
it. To begin with its duration was unusually long—nearly 5½ minutes, and
Mrs. Todd in her genial American style remarks:—“After the frequent
manner of its kind, the path lay where it would be least useful—across
the wind-swept wastes of the Pacific. But fortunately one of a small
group of coral islands lay quite in its line, and, nothing daunted, the
brave scientific men set their faces toward this friendly cluster, in
cheerful faith that they could locate there. Directed to take up their
abode somewhere on a diminutive island about which nothing could be
ascertained beforehand, save the bare fact of its existence at a known
spot in mid-ocean, the American observers were absent from the United
States more than three months, most of which time was spent in
travelling, 15,000 miles in all, with ten full weeks at sea. Their tiny
foothold in the Pacific was Caroline Island, a coral atoll on the
outskirts of the Marquesas group.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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