IV. _hine_, _hin_, _in_ = him. This form occurs as late as 1340, and still exists under the form _en_, _un_, in the modern dialects of the South of England, but is not employed by Orm; nor do we find any traces of _whan_ (whom), another very common example of the _-n_ accusative inflection, either in the Ormulum or the present work. V. The substitution of _n_ for a vowel-ending in nouns. Dr Guest has noticed this peculiarity, but he confines this substitution to the _nominative_ case of nouns of the _n_ declension,[37] and to the definite form of the adjective, which has, no doubt, given rise to the O.E. _himseluen_, etc., _bothen_ (both), as well as, perhaps, to _ouren_ (ours), _heren_ (theirs), etc. In the present poem, however, the _n_ seems added to the vowel-ending of all cases except the possessive, in order to rhyme with a verb in the infinitive, a passive participle, or an adverb terminating in _-en_, and is not always limited to nouns of the _-n_ declension, but represents in A.S. an _a_ or _e_: 'on _boken_,'[38] on book, l. 4; 'on _soðe-sagen_,' on sooth-saw, l. 14; _meten_, (acc.) meat, l. 2255, (nom.) 2079; _sunen_, (nom.) son, l. 1656; 'of _luuen_,' of love, 635; 'after ðe _wunen_' (after the custom), l. 688; _steden_, (nom.) place, 1114; 'for _on-sagen_,' for reproach, 2045; _wliten_, (nom.) face, 3614, (acc.) 2289; 'wið _answeren_,' in answer, 2673; _bileuen_, (acc.) remainder, 3154; _uuerslagen_, (acc.) lintel, 3155. Dr Guest considers this curious nunnation to be a Northern peculiarity, but as we do not meet with it (as far as I know) in any Northumbrian work, his statement is rather doubtful. On the other hand, it is well known that the plurals _bretheren_ (_broðeren_[39] in Shoreham), _calveren_[40] (calves), _children_,[41] _doren_ (doors),[42] _eyren_ (eggs),[43] _honden_ (hands),[44] _kine_,[45] _lambren_ (lambs),[46] _soulen_ (souls)—very common forms in the _Southern_ dialects in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries—are examples of the substitution of _n_ for, or in addition to, the vowel-ending, and were unknown in the Northern dialect. The Southern dialect could drop or retain, at pleasure, the _n_ final in the past participles, the preterite plurals, and infinitive mood of verbs. VI. A very small Norse element in the vocabulary. The only words of undoubtedly Norse element that occur in the present poem, and were unknown to Southern English, are—_fro_ (from), _ille_ (bad), _for-sweðen_ (to burn), _flitten_ (to remove), _laðe_ (barn), _lowe_ (flame), _mirk_ (dark), _ransaken_ (to search), _swaðe_ (flame), _til_ (to), _uglike_ (horrible), _werre_ (worse).[47]